THE SURFACE OF THE GLOBE. 151 



tries which now form France, Germany, and England, and particular- 

 ly in Italy. Its resemblance to the present African species was such 

 that it requires an attentive scrutiny to ascertain the distinguishing cha- 

 racteristics. 



There was also, at this period, a small species of hippopotamus, of 

 the size of a wild hoar, to which we have at present nothing similar. 



The rhinoceroses of large size were at least three in number ; all double- 

 horned. The species most distributed over Germany (viz. Rh. tichor- 

 hirius), and which, like the elephant, is found to the very shores of the 

 Icy Sea, where entire individuals are to be discovered, had a long 

 head, the bones of the nose very strong, supported by an osseous junc- 

 tion of the nostrils, not simply cartilaginous, and wanted iucisores. 



Another species, rarer and belonging to a more temperate climate 

 (Rh. incisivus*), had incisores like the present rhinoceros of the East 

 Indies, and particularly resembled that of Sumatra. Its distinctive 

 characteristics were to be found in a different formation of the head. 



The third (Rh. leptorhinus) wanted incisores, like the first and the 

 Cape rhinoceros of the present day; but it was distinguished by a 

 muzzle more pointed and limbs more slender. In Italy particularly, 

 its remains are found in the same strata as those of the elephants, 

 mastodonta, and hippopotami. 



Lastly, there is a fourth species (Rh. mimitus), furnished, as the 

 second, with incisores, but of lesser size, and scarcely larger than a 

 hog. It was undoubtedly rare, for its relics have only been collected 

 in some places in France. 



To these four genera of large pachydermata may be added a tapir, 

 equal to them in size, and consequently twice or thrice as large in the 

 linear dimensions as the American tapir. 



We find its teeth in many parts of France and Germany, and gene- 

 rally accompanied with those of the rhinoceros, mastodon, and ele- 

 phant. 



There is still another to be added to these, which occurs, however, 

 in very few places, — a large pachyderma, of which only the lower jaw 

 has been found, and whose teeth were doubly crescented and modu- 

 lated. M. Fischer, who discovered it amongst the bones from Siberia, 

 has named it the elasmotherium. 



The genus of the horse also existed at this period. Thousands of 

 its teeth are found with those which we have just described, in nearly 

 all their deposites : but it is impossible to say whether it was or was 

 not of the same species as that now existing, because the skeletons of 



