PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 177 



genus with only two toes, which is however not the less a true pachy- 

 dermatous animal (the ano-plotherium of our gypsum quarries), as I 

 even found on consulting the entire structure, tliat it would be ne- 

 cessary to associate the solipedes with the ordinary pachy-dermata, it is 

 manifest that the number of toes cannot be taken into consideration in 

 this family more than in any other. For the purpose of characterising 

 it, then, it becomes necessary to confine ourselves to the terms non- 

 ruminant animals with hoofs. 



This order of pachydermata formerly contained but five genera, 

 elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, tapirs, and hogs : I transferred 

 two to this order.: horses and damans : I severed one from that of the 

 elephants (the mastodontes) , and two others from that of the hogs 

 (the phacochceri and peccaries') : lastly, I discovered four, which I shall 

 make k'nown in this work, two of which, the anoplotheria and palao- 

 theria, are already made known to naturalists : which raises the total 

 number of the genera of pachydermatous animals to fourteen. 



The hippopotami, the hogs, phacochaeri and peccaries form among 

 them a small group, which bears marked resemblances to the rumi- 

 nantia, more particularly by the osteology of the feet, and which in this 

 respect is connected to the camel, through the medium of my new genus 

 of anoplotheria. 



We know that the camel differs considerably from the generality of 

 ruminantia by its upper incisors, its numerous canine teeth, one bone 

 more at the tarsus, a different kind of hoof, and even by some differ- 

 ences in the form of the stomach. 



Another small group is that which includes the rhinoceros, tapir, 

 and daman. 



The daman by means of his teeth connects the rhinoceros to my two 

 new genera of pal(£otherium, and anoplotherium ; for these four genera 

 have .almost entirely the same grinders. 



On the other hand, the palaotherium connects the tapir to the rhi- 

 noceros, by the form of the feet ; as the tapir connects the palaeotherium 

 to the peccaries, and so on to the hogs, but particularly to the horse, 

 by means of the incisors and canine teeth. 



The anoplotherium alone remains isolated in this last respect, not 

 resembling any known animal, by reason of the uninterrupted series 

 formed by its three sorts of teeth. 



The front teeth are not the sole point of resemblance of the horse to 

 the tapir, the palceotherium, and the rhinoceros. The bones of the ex- 

 tremities of these animals are very similar. Though the horse has the 

 appearance of having but one toe, he has in reality three, the lateral 

 toes beneal'h the skin being almost reduced to nothing: and we shall 

 see a species oi palceotherium, where the middle toe posteriorly is con- 

 siderably greater than the two others. 



The nose of the tapir, which that of the palseotheriura must very 

 much resemble, is also but a prolongation of the horse's nostrils. 

 Several very singular muscles are also common to these two genera, as 

 may be seen in my Comparative Anatomy, whilst the eleph&nt's probos- 

 cis is constructed on a plan entirely peculiar to it. 



The elephant will find no analogies, except in the mastodons, or 

 the animals of the Ohio, Simorr, &c. &c. 



