190 ON THE FOSSIL BONES OF PACHYDERMATOUS QUADHUPEDS. 



thirds of the border of the pully are curved back to form a peroneal 

 surface of the figure of a half crescent. The necl< is much shorter 

 than in man; and in length has neither the third of its width, nor of 

 that of the pully. The anterior surface is semi-oval, slightly convex in 

 the transverse direction, and corresjjonds entirely to the scaphoid bone; 

 beneath its lower part are two surfaces for articulation with the os cal- 

 cis, separated by an oblique furrow from before backwards, and from 

 within outwards ; the one internal and anterior, contiguous before with 

 the scaphoid surface ; the other external and posterior, also greater, 

 contiguous posteriorly and on one side with the pully ; all, too, are 

 nearly in the same plane. 



All the other great quadrupeds have the fissure for the pully of the 

 astragalus very deep, and most of them have the anterior surface di- 

 vided by a prominence into two portions, the one scaphoidian, the other 

 cuboidian. 



The OS calcis of the elephant (pi. 8, fig. 6 and 7, 6) is distinguished 

 from all others by its shortness and breadth. Its body is one-third 

 broader than it is long, and its posterior (talonniere) apophysis is 

 not longer than its body : the rhinoceros alone would approach it a 

 little with respect to shortness, but it differs considerably in figure. 

 In the elephant the two surfaces, which correspond to those of the 

 astragalus, are plane, as these are, arid separated in the same way 

 by a broad oblique furrow ; the edge of the external one is curved 

 back into an oblique surface which forms with the semi-cresentic 

 surface of the astragalus, already mentioned, a comple crescent, to 

 receive the lower head of the fibula ; the anterior edge of the internal 

 one is curved back in the same way into a small scaphoidal surface ; 

 the tubercle of the heel terminates in an oblique enlargement. There 

 is another tubercle on the inferior surface in front, under the anterior 

 facette. This is. oval, slightly concave, and corresponds to the superior 

 external surface of the cuboid. 



The scaphoid of the tarsus (pi. 8, fig. 6 and 7, c) has the ordinary 

 form of a plate, concave towards the astragalus, convex towards the 

 metatarsus; but it also has peculiar characters easily ascertained. It 

 does not at all articulate with the cuboid by a lateral facette, but by a 

 portion of its anterior surface, which is thus divided into four ; to wit, 

 this cuboidal surface, and those of the three cuneiform bones. Its upper 

 face is entirely connected to the astragalus, except a small flat poste- 

 riorly, which corresponds with the os calcis. Its transverse dimensions 

 is double its antero-posterior, and nearly five times that of its height. 



The cuboid (pi. 8, fig. 6 and 7, d) does not deserve this name in the 

 elephant ; its height is but one-third of its breadth. Its upper surface 

 has two facettes, one external and greater for the os calcis, an internal 

 and smaller one for the scaphoid bone ; the inferior has also two for the 

 two last metatarsal bones. The internal face has but one smaU trans- 

 verse surface on the inferior edge for the third cuneiform bone. Be- 

 low it terminates in a tubercle. 



The cuneiform bones, which correspond to the second and third me- 

 tatarsal, (pi. 8, fig. 6 and 7,fg^ possess nothing very remarkable; 

 the last is the greatest. The cuneiform bone of the thumb (ibid., e) is 

 more high than broad. Ithason its side, which looks upwards and towards 



