ON THE BONES OF THE RHINOCEROS. 423 



clined backwards ; the upper ridges large, not lengthened, and tri- 

 furcated behind ; there is also beneath it a slighty projecting ridge, 

 which becomes widened posteriorly. 



The transverse processes of the four following vertebrae are very 

 broad, and go on widening as far as the last of the four. Each has at 

 the posterior edge a point which is directed obliquely backwards whilst 

 it ascends. 



The seventh has but a small one, which is articulated with that of 

 the sixth, which must very much interfere with their respective move- 

 ments. 



All have below broad ridges or rather tuberosities. 



The spinous processes proceed in the form of a crescent ; that of the 

 third is but 0,04, that of the seventh 0,25. 



Among the dorsal vertebrae the second has its spinous process longest, 

 and amounting to 0,40; it is also very thick. These processes go on 

 diminishing in length, and flattening at the sides as far as the thirteenth, 

 which is the shortest; it amounts to 0,12, and they again increase. 

 That of the first lumbar vertebrae is 0,15. The three spinous pro- 

 cesses of the lumbar vertebrae are vertical ; all those of the back incline 

 posteriorly. The transverse processes are very short, and present to 

 the tubercles of the ribs facettes which are nearly vertical : those of 

 the loins are a little longer. The two last touch. 



All these vertebrae, reckoning from the third cervical, have the an- 

 terior surface of their body convex and the posterior concave. 



The five spinous processes of the sacrum are soldered into an elevated 

 ridge, but as well as the sacrum itself, they are very short. The first 

 six vertebrae of the cauda have an annular portion, and spinous and 

 transverse processes. The remaining sixteen are simply pyramidal, 

 and go on diminishing in size. 



4. The Ribs. 



There are nineteen pairs, seven of which are true. These ribs are 

 easily recognized by their proportional size, and by the great arch 

 which their curve forms. The first pair are soldered together below. 

 The sternum of this adult consists of four bones. The first is com- 

 pressed into the form of a vomer (soc de charrue), and forms a 

 pointed prominence anterior to the first rib. 



5. The Anterior Extremity. 



The Scapula (plate 41, figs. 5 and 6) is oblong ; its greatest breadth 

 is at its upper fourth, a b : its posterior edge is raised and thickened 

 in this place, b. The crest has a very prominent process, C, at the 

 upper third, inclining a little backwards ; this crest terminates at the 

 lower fourth of the scapula, in d. There is consequently no acromion : 

 a tuberosity, e, takes the place of the coracoid process ; the glenoid 

 cavity, f g, is almost round. 



This figure of the scapula of the rhinoceros will always distinguish 

 it from those of the other great quadrupeds ; that of the elephant, for 

 instance, is an almost equilateral triangle, and the spine has a great 

 recurrent apophysis. 



MM 2 



