©N THE BONES Of THE MA&TODON. S59 



«t Cheviliy, near Orleans, embedded in a layer of calcareous marl. 

 It is a lower jaw tooth without any roots, and with its denticuli quite 

 perfect. It is 0,14 long, and 0,066 broad. 



Another Addition. 



The neighbourhood of Avaray, in the department of tho Loire and 

 Cher, appears to abound in bones of the rhinoceros, the gigantic 

 tapir, and the mastodon. 



Mr. Lockhart, member of the Royal Society of Sciences at Orleans, 

 read a paper to that body, on the 5th of January, 1821, on the depot 

 discovered by M. Chouteau, which I have already had occasion to 

 notice, and which I shall speak of hereafter, in the second sections of 

 chapters iv. and x. 



"These bones," says Mr. Lockhart, "lie outside the valley of the Loire, 

 between the high road and the village of Avaray, in a bed of sand 

 immediately reposing on the layer of fresh water calcareous substance, 

 \vhich constitutes the plain of Beauce. This sand presents great 

 variety in its composition ; it is formed of small calcareous fragments, 

 and, of quartz differing in size and colour. It contains particles of 

 brown clay, yielding a fetid odour, and blackened fragments of car^ 

 bonated chalk and silex. 



" Its entire mass is hard, greyish, and sometimes coloured yellow 

 by oxide of iron. We may observe in it large brown spots, which 

 are owing to the slow decomposition, and to the carbonate of the 

 organic substances. It is a metre in thickness, and it appears to 

 form a peculiar bason, stretching to the south of the quarry (of fresh 

 water gravel), where its outline may be observed. Its position is 

 rather elevated, being on the slope of a hill 20 metres above the 

 surface of the valley of the Loire." 



This observer having had the kindness to send me the bones which 

 he collected, I recognized among them divers fragments of those of 

 the mastodon, viz. : — 



1. Many fragments of jaw teeth, perfectly characterised as belonging 

 to that species. 



2ndly. A left calcaneum very much mutilated, but yieldino-, not- 

 withstanding, the general character of the family of the proboscidians, 

 while the specific characters were at the same time very distinct. 



The inferior internal apophysis is broken, and has disappeared alto- 

 gether, with its astragalian facette. The internal edge of thecuboidian 

 surface is also fractured, but the largest part of it is still remaining. 

 The posterior tuberosity has been very fairly preserved, as also the 

 articulation of the fibula, and a part of the internal astragalian facette. 

 Compared with the calcaneums of the elephant and of the great 

 mastodon, its posterior tuberosity is much longer and less swollen at 

 the end : the facette towards the fibula rises as in the great mastodtm, 

 as high as the external astragalian, along which it is placed. The 

 cuboidian facette is higher and narrower than in the elephant; the tu- 

 berosity beneath the inferior edges of this facette is not so large, so that 

 this calcaneum, mutilated as it is, would in itself be sufficient to indi- 

 cate a particular species of proboscidians. 



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