ON THE BONES OF THE MASTODON, 365 



was actually possessed of two molars of prodigious size. He does not 

 tell us at what precise height these bones were found, but he most 

 positively affirms that they were not accompanied by shells. 



The smaller square teeth are one third less in size. They have like- 

 wise been discovered by M. de Humboldt. I am indebted to him for 

 one, which he has brought home from the Conception du Chili, in the 

 thirty-seventh degree of southern latitude ; it is very much worn, but 

 in a state of almost perfect preservation. It is of a blackish hue, 0,08 

 in length, and 0,06 in breadth. (See plate 27, fig. 5). 



Europe has moreover furnished me with two teeth, which I have 

 looked upon as being much too small to be referred to any of the pre- 

 ceding species. 



The first was sent from Saxony a long time since, by Hugo, a pro- 

 fessor of Gottingen, to Bernard de Jussieu ; and M. Antoine Laurent 

 de Jussieu has had the kindness to communicate it to me. I have 

 given it (plate 27, fig. 11), at half its natural size. Though perfectly 

 similar to that of plate 26, fig. 4, it is less by one-third precisely. 



If we could suppose it to belong to the same species, we must also 

 suppose that its place was more in front of the jaw, as we find an in- 

 stance of two almost entirely similar in the jaw of the great mastodon 

 (plate 21 , fig. 4) . But this instance is not quite conclusive, as the latter 

 teeth are of precisely the same size. 



I am not aware of the situation in which that tooth was found. 



The second comes from Montebusard, near Orleans, It has been 

 sent to me by M. Defay, who discovered it in a quarry of fresh water 

 gravel, intermixed with round and flat shells, in which were also found 

 quantities of the bones of paloeotheriums of divers sizes. I give a figure 

 of it at half its natural size (plate 28, fig. 6). It is the same which 

 was engraved in the Memoirs of Guettard, vol. vi, tenth Memoir, 

 plate 7, fig. 4. Its knobs, simply notched, are not so exactly divided 

 into two points as those of the preceding, which might aiford an ad- 

 ditional reason for suspecting the existence of another species. The 

 undivided knobs indicate a relation with those of the great tapir, of 

 which I shall hereafter have occasion to speak. Nevertheless, I do not 

 think that this tooth is the actual production of that species, as -the 

 knobs of the latter are more widely separated, and its numerous and 

 diminutive notches can never be mistaken for papillae. 



Thus, independently of the great mastodon of Ohio, and of the nar- 

 row-toothed mastodon, two species perfectly well known and defined 

 at the present day, I find indications of four mastodons appearing to 

 form separate species. The two which come from America may be 

 denominated the mastodon of the CordiUieres, and the Humboldian 

 mastodon, when their characters shall have been more completely de- 

 fined and confirmed. To the first of the European species I would 

 give the name of the small mastodon, and to the second, whose knobs 

 are not completely divided into papiUse, that of Tapirian mastodon. 



