382 ON THE FOSSIL BONES OF PACHYDERMATOUS QUADRUPEDS. 



as those uniting the tenth to the eleventh ; the latter rise up, and after 

 these they are all almost vertical. In the dorsal as in the lumbar 

 vertebra;, each anterior vertebrae embraces the posterior of the pre- 

 ceding vertebra;, below. The third dorsal vertebrae is represented on 

 plate 30, figs. 8 and 9. The transverse apophyses of the loins are very 

 large, very wide, inclining to the front and pointed. The last but one 

 has its transverse apophysis articulated by a facette with the last. 

 The latter (plate 30, figs. 10 and 11), has its body depressed, and its 

 transverse apophysis, which is very large at the base, articulates by 

 very large facettes with that of the first sacred vertebrae. ' 



The OS sacrum has an elongated shape, narrowing a little towards 

 the back. The last vertebree alone is distinguished from the preceding 

 by a slant; the remainder are only marked with holes. All the 

 spinal apophysis, except the first are united in a slightly elevated crest, 

 with an expanded edge flattened at the toil. The transverse apophyses 

 beyond the os ilium are also united in a similar crest. The first, or that 

 which principally joins the os ilium, is much broader than the rest. 



The first coccygin vertebrae have moderate transverse apophyses, spi- 

 nals with slightly elevated crests but stretching longitudinally, and ante- 

 riorarticulatorswithoutcorrespondingposteriors. Beyond the fourth the 

 spinals disappear; they have each four tuberosities below. The succeeding 

 coccygin vertebrae are compressed with three tuberosities above, one on 

 each side and three below. The last have only two above and two below. 

 The body of all the vertebrae, except the cervical, are almost plane. 



There are fifteen ribs ; seven of which are real, and eight false : they 

 are almost as much knobled as those of the rhinoceros, from which, as 

 well as from those of the elephant, they are distinguished by being 

 broader and flatter at the part adjoining the vertebrae than at their 

 opposite side. The anterior portion of the sternum is compressed like 

 a plough share, and advances in an obtuse point beyond the first rib. 

 The remaining portion is depressed : the component pieces are seven 

 in number. 



IV. The Anterior Extremity. 



The shoulder blade (plate 30, fig. 1, A, and plate 31, fig. 6), is easily 

 distinguishable from those of the rhinoceros and the elephant, being 

 larger than the former and smaller than the latter, besides being quite 

 diff'erently shaped : its superior edge is almost on a level with the in- 

 ferior, which is almost rectilinear. The anterior has a curve, convex 

 towards the centre and afterwards concave, terminating by a very 

 prominent coracoidal tuberosity ; its spine, a c, is more salient 

 towards the humeral articulation than anywhere else : by means of a 

 slope it there produces an apophysis or species of acromion in the shape 

 of a crotchet, a, which advances, as does its base, d, but is far from 

 reaching the level of the articulating surface ; its edge is very thick 

 at one half of its length, b ; the glenoid cavity (^ h, plate 31, figs. 5 

 and 6), is elliptic, rounded, and broader towards the back, and more 

 pointed in front. 



The general form of this shoulder-blade reminds us a little of that 

 of the pig, but it approximates more closely to that of the ox, as far as 

 regards the spine and the articulation, characteristics far more es- 

 sential on account of the play and fastenings of the muscles. 



