GALESATTEID^. 67 



Typically the skull with open temporal fossae and a single tem- 

 poral arch, apparently consisting of a conjoint squamoso-maxillary 

 and quadrato-maxillary arcade, and with secondary posterior nares ; 

 premaxillae separate ; mandibular symphysis shallow and uniting 

 by suture ; no lateral vacuity in ramus. Relations of pterygoids 

 and palatines probably as in the Dicynodontia. Dentition fully 

 developed, and frequently of a carnivorous type. 



In some cases, as in the American forms, the vertebral centra 

 are notochordal, and intercentra may be present, to which the 

 capitular heads of the ribs articulate in Embolophorus. Not more 

 than two or three sacral vertebrae. Scapula of African forms (when 

 known) with the acromial process confluent with the glenoidal 

 region, and only a short notch between the acromial and supra-acro- 

 mial processes. Humerus in the typical forms approximating more 

 or less closely to the Dicynodont type, with the inferior aperture of 

 the entepicondylar foramen opening on the palmar aspect, and with 

 a more or less distinct supinator flange on the preaxial border, and 

 in some cases with the distal extremity much more expanded than 

 the proximal (fig. 23). 



In some of those African forms of which the pelvis is known the 

 ilium is somewhat intermediate in structure between that of the 

 Dicynodontia and Pariasauria, and there is a minute obturator 

 foramen (fig. 17), but in other cases (fig. 15) the ilium is more like 

 that of the Pariasauria. 



The more generalized forms included in this suborder have no 

 secondary posterior nares ; while in the American Cliilonyoc and 

 the African Gorgonojos, which are provisionally classed in this sub- 

 order, there is a bony roof to the temporal fossae. 



Family GALESAURID^E. 



The type family. Dentition of a carnivorous type, and usually 

 differentiated into incisives, tusks, and cheek-teeth ; no teeth on 

 palate. Skull with secondary posterior nares. Humerus (w 7 hen 

 known) elongated. 



The incisive teeth are simple, those of the upper jaw always 

 exceeding by one pair those of the mandible ; and the pulp-cavities 

 of all the teeth were closed inferiorly. 



Owen's division of the members of this family into Mononarialia 

 and Binarialia will not hold good, the distinction being due, at least 

 in many cases, to the imperfection of the specimens. 



f2 



