
INTRODUCTION. 1x 
With regard to geological horizons, I have adopted, after mature 
consideration, the following classification of the ‘Tertiaries of 
‘Europe, which is modified from the tables given by Messrs. Gaudry, 
Boyd Dawkins, and Max Schlosser. J have included the Pikermi 
and Mont-Lebéron beds in the Pliocene, but have retained the 
Eppelsheim beds, which are sometimes classed in the same division, 
at the top of the Miocene. As regards their mammalian fauna, the 
Eppelsheim beds seem transitional between the Pliocene and the 
Miocene. Thus they contain Dinothertum, which is common to 
the Middle Miocene and Lower Pliocene (Pikermi); and likewise 
Rhinoceros schleiermachert, which ranges from the Middle Miocene 
of Sansan! to the Lower Pliocene of Pikermi, as well as the Middle 
Miocene Lutra dubia*. Their affinity to the Lower Pliocene is 
marked by the commencement of the genera Hipparion and 
Simocyon, the Pikermi species of which genera are identical with 
those of Eppelsheim. Professor Gaudry” is also inclined to identify 
the Pikermi Aceratherium with the Eppelsheim A. incisivwm. The 
Eppelsheim beds do not, however, contain the highly specialized 
Ruminants of Pikermi. The probable nearness in time of the 
(Eningen beds to those of Eppelsheim, and the affinity of the mam- 
malian fauna of the former to that of the Middle Miocene of Sansan, 
tends to connect the Eppelsheim beds with the Miocene. I have 
discarded the term Oligocene (although its place is shown in the 
table), as it appears to me to be an unnecessary encumbrance. The 
Ronzon beds, with which, from the occurrence in both of Hyopotamus 
bovinus*, the Hempstead beds are associated, are placed at the 
bottom of the Miocene, while the French phosphorites are placed at 
the top of the Eocene, as transition beds between the Miocene and 
Eocene. The mixture of Miocene and Eocene forms in the latter 
deposits is shown by the circumstance that they contain species like 
Cephalogale brevirostris’, Hycnodon vulpinus®, Anthracotherium 
magnum, and Hyotherium typus, common to the Lower Miocene, 
and others like Hyawnodon heberti', Pterodon dasyuroides, Palco- 
therium magnum, and P. crassum, common to the Upper Eocene. 
The Egerkingen beds of Switzerland are placed in the Upper Eocene, 
following in this respect the views of Dr. Max Schlosser‘. They 
1 This is on the assumption that R. sansaniensis is specifically the same. 
2 Vide infra, p. 192. 
3 Les Enchainements, Mam. Tert. pp. 47, 51 (1878). 
4 Vide Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. i. p. 547 (1884). 
5 Vide infra, p. 147. 8 Ibid. p. 28. 7 Ibid. p. 21. 
8 Paleontographica, vol. xxxi. p. 96 (1884). 
