INTRODUCTION xxv 



tails, and very broad rostrum, and the head crested. They are not 

 very closely allied to any of the species of the Primates, but are as 

 well placed here as anywhere, for, although there are many characters 

 to separate them, yet they are probably nearer the species of the genus 

 Magus than any other. One species only is here recognized. Magus 

 with three species serves as a link connecting Cynopithecus and 

 Pithecus. While outwardly resembling the black Ape of Celebes, yet 

 its narrower rostrum, lack of crest on head, which is covered with 

 short hairs, indicate an affinity for the Macaques, and its tailless con- 

 dition is similar to that of Simia sylvanus, the only species of that 

 genus. Pithecus is one of the largest genera of the Primates having 

 fifty-three recognized species and subspecies. These vary greatly in 

 appearance, with tails either short and thick, or slender and longer than 

 the head and body. The Macaques are noted for their nude buttocks 

 which are often most highly colored, eyes close together and surmounted 

 by a bony ridge which gives them a scowling expression. The canines 

 are long and make formidable weapons, and the brain is small. The 

 seventh genus is Cercocebus. It has nine species and two subspecies, 

 of a more slender form than the Macaques and with shorter rostrum 

 and longer limbs, but as in Pithecus the last lower molar has five 

 cusps. Much confusion has existed in the synonymy which, it is hoped, 

 has at length been corrected. Rhinostigma is the next genus, with 

 one species, allied to both the members of Cercocebus and Lasiopyga, 

 and forming a link between them. This last named genus is the largest 

 of all and has eighty-five species and subspecies. These monkeys have 

 frequently a pelage of many brilliant colors, have slender bodies and 

 long limbs and tails, and are very active in their movements. The ninth 

 genus is Miopithecus containing only two species of small stature 

 and inconspicuous coloring. Erythrocebus the last genus of the Sub- 

 family, had, at one time, its members, like those of the one preceding, 

 included in Lasiopyga; they, however, differ in many ways from the 

 Langurs, have longer legs, differently shaped skulls, and dwell upon 

 the ground, being frequenters of the plains rather than of the forests, 

 and go in small companies. Twelve species are recognized. 



The second Subfamily is Colobin^:, frequently named Semno- 

 pithecince with five genera. The first, Pygathrix, has fifty-eight 

 species and subspecies. They are delicate animals, and feed chiefly 

 on leaves and shoots. Their forms are slender and they have no cheek 

 pouches, and their pelage is much less gaily colored than that of the 



