INTRODUCTION xiii 



covers the cerebellum, and the hemispheres are considerably con- 

 voluted. Placenta deciduate, discoidal. Allantois small, uterus not 

 two-horned, anterior cornu of the hyoid shorter than the posterior, no 

 abdominal mammae present, and the transverse portion of the colon not 

 convoluted. 



This great Suborder, containing, as it does, all the existing Apes, 

 Baboons and Monkeys, is divided into two groups: 1st, the Platyr- 

 rhine, those species having the nose flat, septum wide and the nostrils 

 directed outward, and embracing all the Monkeys of the New World ; 

 and 2nd, the Cratarrhine, having the nose narrow, nostrils directed 

 downward and the septum narrow, including all the species of the Old 

 World. 



As may well be imagined the variations in size to be witnessed 

 among the members of this Suborder are very great, the extremes being 

 the Gorilla and the small, delicate Marmoset or Titi. And with the 

 difference in size, there is also great variety in the shape of head and 

 body, and length of limbs and tail. This last appendage is entirely 

 absent in the great Apes of the Families Hylobatim: and Pongiid^e ; 

 is of varying length from a mere knob, to longer than head and body 

 in Pithecus ; much longer than head and body in many species of 

 Lasiopyga and Pygathrix, and nearly three times the body's length in 

 Ateleus. The heads of the Primates also are remarkable for their 

 many shapes from the round head of Ateleus, the occipital protruding 

 skull of Saimiri, the almost human braincase of Pan, to the narrow 

 high-crested crania of Gorilla and Pongo. The rostrum also exhibits 

 many shapes producing conspicuous differences in the physiognomy 

 of the many species, the extremes perhaps being the nearly flat-faced 

 members of the Cebid^; and the greatly lengthened muzzle of many of 

 the Baboons as P. cynocephalus and P. sphinx, the latter exhibiting 

 a rostrum covered with prominent ridges, and decorated with brilliant 

 and highly contrasted colors. Many of the Lasiopygid^e have ischiatic 

 callosities, some brilliantly colored, and these at certain seasons become 

 enormously developed covering not only the buttocks, but also extend- 

 ing on to the tail which is greatly swollen. However attractive this may 

 be to Baboons, to human eyes such exhibitions are repellent. The nose, 

 save in one exceptional case, is not a very prominent member among 

 the Primates, although, as in Man, it has many shapes, from the 

 aquiline in Hylobates, most pronounced in H. hoolock, the retrousse 

 nose of Rhinopithecus, and the extraordinarily lengthened member 

 of Nasalis. The limbs of the Primates show great diversity when 

 compared between distinct species, or between the fore and hind limbs 



