60 



TJNGULATA. 



Mastodon punjabiensis, Lydekker, n. sp. 



The specimens 1 on which this species is founded were originally 

 referred to M. perimensis, while one of them was subsequently 

 classed with M. cautleyi. The cheek-teeth are narrow, and have 

 no appreciable amount of cement, the last true molar being still more 

 elongated than in M . perimensis. There is no distinctly alternate 

 arrangement of the columns, which are very tall and of great antero- 

 posterior thickness. The first upper true molar (and probably, there- 

 fore, the adjacent teeth) can scarcely be distinguished from the 

 corresponding tooth of M. cautleyi, although its columns are perhaps 

 somewhat stouter. There is a cingulum on the inner side of the 

 upper true molars ; the valleys are completely blocked, and a 

 trefoil is formed on one column of each ridge. Premolars were 

 present, and the mandibular symphysis is short, and in some instances 

 tuskless 2 . The species appears to be a more specialized form allied 

 to M. longirostris, and the resemblance of its m- 1 to that of M. 

 cautleyi, which is indistinguishable from the same tooth in M. longi- 

 rostris, shows that isolated " intermediate " molars are not always 

 sufficient for specific diagnosis. 



Hah. India (Punjab). 



M. 2855. Cast of the third left upper true molar, in an early stage 

 of wear. The original was obtained from the Pliocene 

 Siwaliks of the Punjab, and is preserved in the Indian 

 Museum, Calcutta (No. A 46) ; it is figured by the present 

 writer in the ' Palaeontologia Indica,' ser. 10, vol. i. pi. xlii. 

 (as M. perimensis). Its dimensions are 0,242 x 0,093 : 

 it differs widely from the corresponding tooth of M. 

 perimensis (No. 40679), and still more from that of M. 

 cautleyi (No. M. 2705); there are five ridges and a very 

 narrow hind talon, consisting of three large columns, 

 which are not arranged in a transverse line. 



Made in the Museum, 1886. 



M. 3428. Cast of a fragment of the left maxilla, containing pm. 4 

 and m. 1 . The original is from the Punjab, and is pre- 

 served in the Indian Museum (No. A 48) ; it is figured by 

 the present writer, op. cit. vol. i. pi. xl. (as M, perimensis), 

 and noticed in vol. iii. p. xiv (as M. cautleyi). 



Made in the Museum, 1S86. 



1 All the specimens from the Punj.ib included under M. perimensis in the 

 ' Cat. Siwalik Vert. Ind. Mus. Calcutta,' pt. i. pp. 07-99 (1885). 

 a Ibid. p. 98, No. A 84. 



