88 



TJNGTTLATA. 



Figured by Falconer and Cantley, op. cit. pi. xxv a. figs. 3, 



3 a (as E. ganesa). The tooth apparently has seven ridges. 



Transferred from the Old Indian Museum, 1880. 



M. 1993. Fragment of the right ramus of a mandible containing the 

 half- worn m. 3, which has been longitudinally and vertically 

 bisected. The tooth appears to have had eight ridges. 



Presented by Dr. Hugh Falconer. 



Elephas ganesa, Falconer and Cautley J . 



Syn. Stegodon ganesa, auct. 



The third true molars in the type cranium of this species contain 

 ten ridges, and thereby agree with the corresponding teeth of E. 

 insignis rather than of E. bombifrons, a conclusion confirmed by a 

 second cranium, in which there appear to be either ten or eleven 

 ridges in the same tooth 2 . This close resemblance between the last 

 molar of this form and of E. insignis renders it apparently impossible 

 to draw any distinction between the earlier teeth of the two forms 3 , 

 and all such teeth are therefore referred to the latter. Falconer 4 

 had considerable doubts as to the specific distinctness of the present 



Fig. 21. 



Elephas ganesa. — The skull ; from the Siwalik Hills. &. (After 

 Gaudry's ' Enchaineinents.') 



form, and as the resemblance between the type cranium and the 

 young cranium of E. insignis 5 indicates that the two are closely 

 related, it is possible that E. ganesa may be the male form of E. in- 

 signis. The adult cranium does not differ very widely from the 

 type of E. indicus, although the frontal constriction is less marked. 



1 Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis, pt. i. p. 45 (1846). 



2 See Eec. Geol. Surv. Ind. vol. ix. p. 48 (1876). 



3 The majority of the teeth figured in the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis ' under 

 the name of E. ganesa have the low ridge-formula of E. bombifrons (q. v.). 



4 See ' Palrcontological Memoirs,' vol. ii. p. 84. 



5 See Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' pi. xliii. figs. 14, 15. 



