﻿PITHECUS 
  217 
  

  

  shorter, 
  and 
  the 
  coloring, 
  especially 
  on 
  the 
  rump 
  and 
  about 
  scrotum, 
  

   much 
  brighter. 
  The 
  skull, 
  however, 
  differs 
  greatly 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  P. 
  

   rhesus. 
  The 
  orbital 
  ridge 
  is 
  rounded, 
  (not 
  depressed), 
  and 
  flattened, 
  

   and 
  consequently 
  there 
  should 
  be 
  an 
  absence 
  of 
  the 
  scowling 
  look 
  so 
  

   often 
  seen 
  in 
  adults 
  of 
  the 
  Indian 
  species; 
  another 
  character 
  that 
  

   instantly 
  attracts 
  the 
  eye 
  is 
  the 
  greater 
  width 
  and 
  lateral 
  swellings 
  

   of 
  the 
  rostrum 
  of 
  P. 
  rhesus, 
  the 
  Hainan 
  species 
  having 
  a 
  rather 
  long 
  

   rostrum 
  for 
  its 
  width, 
  and 
  the 
  sides 
  descending 
  rather 
  abruptly 
  from 
  

   the 
  nasals. 
  The 
  orbits 
  of 
  P. 
  brevicaudus 
  are 
  circular, 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  

   other 
  species 
  oblong; 
  the 
  braincase 
  of 
  the 
  Hainan 
  Macaque 
  is 
  some- 
  

   what 
  shorter 
  and 
  more 
  bulging 
  posteriorly, 
  and 
  the 
  palate 
  is 
  deeper 
  

   and 
  narrower, 
  and 
  the 
  bullae 
  shorter 
  and 
  wider; 
  tooth 
  rows 
  of 
  upper 
  

   jaw 
  nearly 
  straight 
  and 
  the 
  teeth 
  much 
  smaller 
  ; 
  mastoid 
  width 
  much 
  

   less, 
  and 
  the 
  mandible 
  has 
  a 
  proportionately 
  greater 
  depth 
  and 
  less 
  

   expansion 
  at 
  coronoid 
  process. 
  This 
  comparison 
  is 
  made 
  between 
  two 
  

   skulls 
  of 
  males 
  of 
  about 
  equal 
  age. 
  

  

  Several 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  Macaque 
  were 
  received 
  by 
  the 
  American 
  

   Museum 
  of 
  Natural 
  History 
  in 
  New 
  York, 
  in 
  a 
  collection 
  from 
  the 
  

   Island 
  of 
  Hainan. 
  On 
  examining 
  the 
  examples 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  I 
  was 
  

   satisfied 
  of 
  their 
  distinctness 
  from 
  P. 
  rhesus 
  but 
  not 
  having 
  any 
  skulls 
  

   of 
  that 
  species 
  for 
  comparison 
  I 
  decided 
  not 
  to 
  describe 
  the 
  form 
  at 
  

   that 
  time, 
  but 
  to 
  wait 
  until 
  a 
  comparison 
  could 
  be 
  made. 
  Dr. 
  Allen 
  

   selected 
  three, 
  and 
  the 
  Museum 
  forwarded 
  them 
  to 
  me 
  in 
  London, 
  and 
  

   after 
  comparing 
  these 
  with 
  skins 
  and 
  skulls 
  of 
  P. 
  rhesus 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  

   Museum, 
  the 
  distinctness 
  of 
  the 
  Hainan 
  Macaque 
  was 
  demonstrated. 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  brachyurus, 
  having 
  been 
  previously 
  employed 
  for 
  an 
  

   albino 
  Macaque, 
  possibly 
  for 
  P. 
  nemestrinus, 
  by 
  Hamilton 
  Smith 
  in 
  

   Jardine 
  Nat. 
  Libr., 
  I, 
  p. 
  103, 
  pi. 
  I, 
  cannot 
  be 
  retained 
  for 
  the 
  present 
  

   species 
  and 
  in 
  place 
  of 
  it 
  I 
  propose 
  brevicaudus. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Swinhoe 
  states 
  (1. 
  c.) 
  : 
  "About 
  the 
  jungles 
  of 
  Nychow, 
  (S. 
  

   Hainan), 
  Monkeys 
  were 
  very 
  common. 
  On 
  our 
  landing, 
  abreast 
  of 
  

   the 
  ship 
  we 
  saw 
  a 
  large 
  party 
  of 
  them 
  on 
  the 
  beach, 
  which 
  at 
  once 
  

   retired 
  into 
  a 
  grove 
  above 
  high 
  water 
  mark. 
  We 
  watched 
  them 
  

   running 
  along 
  the 
  boughs 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  jumping 
  from 
  branch 
  

   to 
  branch. 
  The 
  discharge 
  of 
  a 
  fowling 
  piece 
  soon 
  made 
  them 
  

   scurry 
  away 
  into 
  the 
  thicket; 
  but 
  every 
  now 
  and 
  again 
  their 
  

   heads 
  would 
  appear 
  from 
  the 
  higher 
  bushes 
  watching 
  the 
  move- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  the 
  enemy. 
  At 
  last 
  when 
  they 
  observed 
  that 
  our 
  pres- 
  

   ence 
  implied 
  actual 
  danger 
  to 
  themselves, 
  they 
  climbed 
  the 
  hills 
  and 
  

   posted 
  themselves 
  about 
  conspicuous 
  rocks, 
  where 
  they 
  chattered 
  

   and 
  grunted, 
  out 
  of 
  danger. 
  Their 
  cries 
  were 
  very 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  M. 
  

  

  