24 MANUAL 



into another — that, really, we have come to unite these two 

 into one, and shall speak hereafter only of the LAND 

 BIRDS and the WATER BIRDS. 



Nearly every writer upon scientific subjects uses different 

 names for the different divisions into which he separates his 

 subjects. These names with one are often applied in exactly 

 the reverse order with another writer upon the same subject. 

 We shall endeavor to be consistent in our use of all terms. 



We will illustrate, then, the manner in which the various 

 terms are used as follows : 



KING-DOM Animal, 



SUB-KING-DOM Vertebrate, 

 GROUP Aves or Birds, 

 SUB-G-ROUP Carinate Birds, 



CLASS (Carinate Birds have two classes, the 

 Land Birds and the Water Birds). 

 SUB-CLASS (the Land Birds only are thus 

 divided, into Aerial and Ter- 

 restrial Birds). 



The three Sub-Classes are usually designated as follows : 



I AERIAL BIRDS OR LNSESSORES 

 II TERRESTRIAL BIRDS OR CURSORES 

 III AaUATIC BIRDS OR NATATORES 



Again, the Birds of North America belong to 

 ELEVEN DIFFERENT ORDERS. 



Each Sub-Class has its own distinct Orders, let us tabu- 

 late them, then, together, 



SUB-CLASS I AERIAL BIRDS 

 ORDER 1 PASSARES or Perchers. 



2 FICARLffi or Picarian Birds. 



3 PSITTACI or Parrots. 



4 RAPTORES or Birds of Prey. 



5 COLUMB51 or Dove-like Birds. 



