OF ORNITHOLOGY 65 



much rounded ; even the second quill is shorter than any 

 other primary except the first. 



Genus, Embernagra. 



Under sub-family 3 we have simply the genus Passerella. 



Sub-family 4 contains, 



A. — Tail decidedly shorter than the wings ; nearly even. 



a. — Bill elongated ; upper mandible rather deeper, 

 or as deep as the lower. Feet large and strong. 



Genera, Calamospiza and Puspiza. 



b. — Bill stouter, and more curved above ; upper 

 mandible generally not so deep as the lower. Feet 

 smaller. 



Genera, Guiraca and Cyanospiza. 



B. — Wings and tail of the species about equal in size. 



Genus, Spermophila. 



C. — Wings much shorter than the tail, which in broad and 

 graduated ; primaries graduated ; the first seldom longer than 

 the secondaries. 



a. — Head crested. Prevailing color red. Bill red. 



Genera, Pyrrhuloxia and Cardinalis. 



b. — Head not crested. No red. Bill dusky. 



Genus, Pipilo." 



The North American genera and species of the Fringillidce, 

 at least the most prominent ones, may be briefly enumerated 

 as follows : 



Genera, Hesperophona, The Evening Grosbeak. 

 Pinicola, The Pine Grosbeak. 



