162 MANUAL 



b Botuurinae, Bitterns 112 



Family 46 Gruidae, The Cranes 112 



47 Aramidae, The Courlans 113 



48 Parridae, The Jaeana 113 



49 Rallidae, The Rails, Gallinules, and Coots 114 



Sub-family a Rallinae, True Rails 115 



b Gallinulinae, Gallinules 115 



c Fulicinae, Coots 116 



Family 50 Phoenicopieridae, The Flamingoes 116 



Family 51 Anatidae, The Swans, Geese, and Ducks Ii7 



Sub-family a Cygninae, Swans 119 



b Anatiuae, River Ducks 120 



c Fuligulinae, Sea Ducks 121 



d Merginae, Mergansers 123 



Family 52 Sulidae, The Gannets 124 



53 Pelecanidae, The Pelicans 124 



54 Phalacrocoracidae, The Cormorants 125 



55 Plotidae, The Darters 126 



56 Tachypelidae, The Frigate Bird 126 



57 Phcetonidae, The Tropic Bird 127 



58 Laridae,The Gulls and Terns 128 



Sub-family a Lestridinae, Skua or Jager Gull 130 



b Larinae, True Gulls 131 



c Sterninae, Terns 131 



d Rhynchopinae, Skimmers 132 



Family 59 Procellaridae, The Petrels 133 



Sub-family a Diomedeinae, Albatrosses 133 



b Procellarinae, Petrels 134 



Family 60 Colymbidae, The Loons 135 



61 Podicipidae, The Grebes 135 



62 Alcidae, The Auks and Puffins 136 



Sub-family a Phaleridinae, Puffins and allies. 137 



b Alcinae, True Auks 138 



Subjecs for Essays 138 



An Enumeration of the Orders and Families of the Birds of the 



World 140 



Glossary of Scientific Terms 146 



