ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



WINGS AND STERNAL APPARATUS, AS INDICATING 

 POWER AND STYLE OF FLIGHT. 



Page 



WixG OP T HE Falcox. — Bones, their structure and articu- 

 lation — Strength and lightness — Sternum — Shoulder- 

 Wings and forelegs — ClaTicle—Coracoid bones, &c. . 315 



Sterxa of Wingless Birds. — StruthionidBe — Their adapt- 

 ations ..... 315—319 



Sterxa of Wixged Birds. — For flight — For swimming 319, 320 



Sternal Muscles. — Their number and use — Their ac- 

 tion ..... 320 — 327 



Accipitres — Sternal apparatus and flight— Golden eagle — 

 Varieties in the divisions of the order . . 327—331 



Omnivora. — General characters— Jackdaw . 331 — 333 



FissiRosTREs. — The swallow tribe— The swift— Goat-sucker 

 — Resemblance to the cuckoo . . . 333—338 



SvNDACTrLi. — Kingfisher— Bee-eater— Locality' and habits 

 of this group .... 338 — 343 



Anisodactyli.— Habits of the order — Humming birds — 

 Muscular action— Long and short muscles— Hoopoe 343 — 350 



Zygodactyli 'climbers) . — Woodpecker — Position and action 

 on trees — Wrv-neck — Parrot — Nature is one . 350 — 36l 



CoLUMBAn^. — Their habits — Sternal apparatus of the rock- 

 dove — Flexible sterna . . . 36l — 365 



GALLIXID.B. — Peculiarities of their sterna — Partridge 365 — 368 



Gallix'ules — Form of the sternum — Their habits 368 — 3/2 



Divers. — 1. Grebes — Chai'acters of their sterna — Sternum of 

 the eared-grebe .... 372 — 376 



2. True Divers. — Form of their sterna — Their action — 

 Sternum of the northern diver . . 376 — 379 



3. Penguins — General characters — Cape penguin 379 — 383 

 Long-legged and Long-wixged Birds. — General charac- 

 ters of the sterna .... 383,384 



Agami. — Anomalous character . . 384 — 387 



Cranes. — General characters of the sternal apparatus — 



White stork — Analogous genera — Ibis . 387 — 392 



ToTiPALMJE. — General character — Cormorant — Action 392 — 396 

 LoNGiPE.vNEs. — Skuas — Gulls — Terns — Laughing- gulls — 



Puffin— Petrel— Albatross . . . 396—401 



Grallid^. — General characters — Lapwing . 401 — 404 



Flat-bills. — General structure — White-eyed pochard — 



Conclusion ..... 404 — 408 



