EXPLANATION OF PLATE i. 



Fig, 1. Skeleton of a bird seen in profile— ?ns, superior or upper man- 

 dible — mi^ lower mandible — n, the nasal fossae — f, the tympanic bone — or. 

 the orbit — ec, cervical vertebrse — vd^ dorsal vertebrs — q, vertebrEe of the tail 

 — c, the ribs — ac, costal appendices — s, sternum — om, the scapula — cZ, the 

 clavicle — h, the humerus — re, the radius and cubitus or ulna— j?, the thumb 

 <f, the median finger — pd, rudiment of the thumb— i, the iliac bones, 

 which form the pelvis—/, the femur — ti, tibia— |je, the fibula — ta, the tarsus 

 — (Zi, the internal toe — dm, median toe — (?e, external toe — (Z/?, posterior toe. 



Fig. 2. The sternum and bones of the shoulder — s, the sternum — 6, the 

 brisket or keel — c, the clavicles — co, the coracoid bone — o, the scapula — h, 

 a part of the humerus. - 



Fig. 3. The head of a wood-pecker to show the position of the tongue, (Z,) 

 and the horns of the hyoid bone (f), passing from below over the back 

 part of the head. 



