18/6.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE STERNINyE. 655 



Similar to S. elegans, but a trifle smaller; bill less robust and 

 yellow,(whereas in S. elegans it is orange-red,jthe _angIe of the lower 

 ina udible almost immediately bel ow t he fro nt of the nostril. 



Sterna elegans, Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 542 (1866). 



?" Sterna cuyanensis, Gmel.," v. Pelzeln, Orn. Brasil. p. 323 

 (1871). 



Range, from Santa Catharina, S. Brazil {Rogers), to the island of 

 Trinidad, Leotaud's bird being most probably this species. 



Sterna media, Horsfield. 



Sterna media, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1820, xiii. p. 198 

 (type in E. I. Mus., examined, H. S.) ; Finsch & Hartl., Orn. Ost- 

 Afr. iv. p. 830 (1870) ; Irby, Orn. Str. Gibraltar, p. 209 (1875). 



Sterna affinis, Riipp. (nee Horsf.) Atlas, p. 23. tav. 14 (1826) 

 (Red Sea) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. iv. p. 454 (1840) (Sicily) ; Schlegel, 

 Mus. P.-Bas, Sterne, p. 6 (1863); Degl. & Gerb. Orn. Eur. ii. 

 p. 454 (1867). 



Sterna bengalensis, Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. p. 621 (1831) ; Pucheran, 

 Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 542 ; Jerdon, B. India, iii. p. 843 (1864). 



Thalasseus torresii, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 140, B. Australia, 

 vii. pi. 25 (1848). 



Thalasseus bengalensis, Gould, Handbk. B. Australia, ii. p. 397 

 (1865). 



Thalasseus affinis, Bias. J. f. Orn. 1866, p. 82. 



Actochelidon affinis, Gray, Hand-list, iii. p. 119 (1871). 



This species may be considered an eastern representative of the 

 preceding ; but it is slightly smaller, the mandibular angle more ad- 

 vanced, and can always be distinguished by its pearl-grey rump and 

 tail. It ranges from the Straits of Gibraltar, along the Mediter- 

 ranean, down the Red Sea to Madagascar, and eastwards along the 

 Indian coast and islands, throughout the Malay archipelago, the 

 Aru Islands, down to Torres Straits and Port Essington. 



Sterna maxima, Bodd. 



Grande Hirondelle de Mer de Cayenne, Buffon, Ois. viii. p. 346. 



Sterna maxima, Boddaert, Tabl. des P. Enl. p. 58. no. 988 (1783) ; 

 Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 567 (Neotrop. Larid.). 



Sterna cayennensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1788, i. p. 604 ; Leot. Ois. 

 de Trinidad p. 535 (1866). 



Sterna cayana, Latham, Ind. Orn. p. 804. no. 2 (1/90); Steph. 

 in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 155 (1825). 



Sterna galericulata, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 81 (1823) (type 

 in Berlin Mus., examined, H. S.) ; Pelzeln, Orn. Bias. p. 324 

 (1871) ; Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Sterna, p. 7 (1863). 



Sterna erythrorynchos, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 857 (1833) ; Tschudi, 

 F. Per., Aves, p. 305 (1846). 



Sterna cristata, Swains. B. W. Africa, ii. p. 247, pi. xxx. (1837) 

 (type in Camb. Mus. examined, H. S.). 



Thalasseus cayanus, Bp. List, 1838, p. 61 ; Gosse, B. Jamaica, 

 p. 431 (1847). 



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