180 MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARINjE. [Feb. 5, 



Larus maculatus, Bodd. Tab. PI. Enl. p. 16 (1783). 



Larus maximus, Leach, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 40 (1816); Brehm, 

 Vog. Deutschl. p. 728 (1831). 



Leucus marinus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. pp. 86, 196 (1829). 



Larus mulleri, Brehm, op. cit. p. 729 (1831). 



Larus fabricii, id. op. cit. p. 730 (1831). 



Dominicanus marinus, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100 ; id. ib. 1855, 

 p, 280. 



Larus albus, P. L. S. Miiller, Natursystem, p. 108 (1776), has 

 generally been quoted by copyists as a synonym of this species ; but 

 investigation shows that it is based upon Buffon's " Mouette cendree 

 tachetee" (vol. vii. p. 424 ; PI. Enl. 387), which represents a young 

 Rissa tridactyla. 



Hab. Northern and temperate Europe and Iceland (breeding) ; 

 visiting the Mediterranean in winter, as far as Greece ; the Canaries, 

 and probably the Azores. In Northern Greenland Prof. Reinhardt 

 assures me that it is very rare ; it breeds in Labrador, occurs on the 

 great lakes of North America, and visits Florida in winter. Lem- 

 beye's specimen, recorded from Cuba, turned out to be L. argen- 

 tatus (vide J. f. Orn. 1871, p. 290) ; but it has occurred at the Ber- 

 mudas (Reid). No record from the American side of the Pacific ; 

 but I have examined undoubted specimens from Japan collected by 

 Capt. Blakiston. This is a very great extension of its previously 

 known range. 



18. Larus dominicanus, Licht. 



Larus dominicanus, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 82 (1823); Darwin, 

 Zool. "Beagle," Birds, p. 142 (1841); Cassin, Orn. U.S. Expl. 

 Exp. p. 377 (1858), Callao?; Schlegel, M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 12 

 (1863) ; Layard, B. S. Africa, p. 367 (1867) ; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, 

 p. 45 (Chuput, Patagonia) ; id. torn. cit. p. 201 (prov. B. Ayres). 



L.arus littoreus, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 46 (1844), Cape of 

 Good Hope. 



Larus antipodus, Gray, Cat. Anseres Brit. Mus. p. 169 (1844), 

 New Zealand. 



Dominicanus antipodus, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100. 



" Dominicanus pelagicus Anglor.," Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100 

 (India and Oceania); id. op. cit. 1855, p. 280; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 

 p. 214 (1857). 



Dominicanus vetula, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100, 1855, p. 

 281 (Cape Good Hope) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 214 (1857). 



"Dominicanus vociferus Anglor.," Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 100, 

 1855, p. 281 (South America). 



Dominicanus antipodum, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1855, p. 281 ; Bp. 

 Consp. Av. ii. p. 214 (1857). 



Dominicanus fritzei, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1855, p. 281 (Straits of 

 Sunda, near Java?) (type inWiesbaden Mus. examined, H. S.); Bp. 

 Consp. Av. ii. p. 214 (1857). 



Larus vociferus, Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. p. 448 (1856) ; 

 id. La Plata-Reise, ii. p. 518 (1861). 

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