18/8.] MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARIN.-E. 183 



(1852); id. B. Californ. p. 28, pi. 5; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1871, 

 p. 574; iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 148. 



Adelarus heermanni, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 107, et 1855, 

 p. 279. 



Leucophceus heermanni, Bp. Naumannia, 1854, p. 211. 



Blasipus heermanni, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 211 (1857). 



Larus {Blasipus) heermanni, Coues, B. N.W. Am. p. 641 (1874). 



Hab. Pacific coast, from Vancouver's Island and California (breed- 

 ing), down to Panama in winter. 



The nearest ally of this species is perhaps L. crassirostris of the 

 opposite Asiatic coast and islands ; but its red bill and the lead- 

 coloured neck and underparts will always serve to distinguish the 

 adult; in L. crassirostris the neck and underparts are white. 



22. Larus crassirostris, Vieill. 



Larus crassirostris, Vieill. N. Diet. H. Nat. 2nd ed. p. 508 (1819), 

 ex Krusenstern (Nagasaki, Japan); Schlegel, M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 8 

 0863); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 421 ; David & Oust. Ois. de la 

 Chine, p. 518 (1877). 



Larus melanurus, Temm. PI. Col. 77 me liv. pi. 459 (1828) ; Temm. 

 & Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves, p. 132, pi. 88 (1850); Taczau. Bull. 

 Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 264 (1876). 



Adelarus melanurus, Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 107, et 1855, 

 p. 279. 



Blasipus crassirostris, Bp. Naumannia, 1854, p. 211 ; id. Consp. 

 Av. ii. p. 212 (1857). 



Larus fuscus, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 68 (nee Linn.). 



Hab. Coasts of Japan and China, and large lakes and rivers of 

 latter ; breeding in colonies, generally on islands. 



I have already pointed out roughly the distinctions between this 

 species and L. heermanni ; superficially the present bird is not unlike 

 the adult of L. belcheri ; but the mantle is much lighter, and the tail 

 is white with a black bar, whereas in L. belcheri the greater portion 

 of the tail is black. 



23. Larus modestus, Tsch. 



Larus modestus, Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1843, pt. i. p. 389 ; id. 

 Fauna Peruana, Aves, p. 306 (1845-6), pi. 35 ; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 

 1871, p. 573; id. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 148 (1873). 



Larus bridgesi, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 16 : id. Zool. Typ. t. 69 

 (1849), type in Brit. Mus. 



Blasipus bridgesi (Fraser), Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 108, et 

 1855, p. 280 ; Bp. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 21 ; Consp. Av. ii. p. 212. 



"Blasipus polios (Natt.)," Bp. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 21 ; Consp. 

 Av. ii. p. 212(1857> 



Leucophaius modestus, G. R. Gray, Hand-1. Birds, iii. p. 116 

 (1871). 



Hab. Pacific coast of South America, from Callao to Valparaiso, 

 and probably further south. 



This species,, which in its immature plumage bears an indication 



[29] 



