206 MR. H. SAUNDERS ON THE LARIN.E. [Feb. 5, 



(Swinhoe), and the interior waters, and those of Mongolia (David). 

 Nidification unknown. 



This well-defined species, with which my friend the late R. Swinhoe 

 did me the honour to associate my name, is, to judge by the struc- 

 ture of its feet, an inland species or river-Gull during a great part 

 of the year. The tarsi are slender, the hind toe elevated and long, 

 and the webs of the feet are much scalloped ; indeed the foot is 

 almost that of a Marsh-Tern. Had Bonaparte or Bruch been 

 acquainted with it, they would doubtless have created a genus for it. 

 The bill is very stout and corvine-looking ; the hood, in breeding- 

 plumage, is of a deep metallic black ; and the pattern of the pri- 

 maries (see fig. 15, p. 205) is also peculiar, these being principally 

 white with a black bar near the tip, and a black border to the edge 

 of the inner web. 



45. Larus minutus, Pallas. 



Larus albus, Scop. Ann. i. Hist. Nat. p. 80. no. 106 (1/69). 



Larus minutus, Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 702, App. no. 

 35 (1776); Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 595 (1788); Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- 

 As. ii. p. 331 (1811); Schlegel, M. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 42 (1863); 

 Sharpe and Dress. B. of Eur. pt. iv. (1871). 



Larus atricilloides, Falk. Itin. iii. p. 355, t. 24, fide Gm. Syst. 

 Nat. i. p. 601 (1788). 



Xema minutus, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 365. 



Larus cC orbignyi, Audouin, Hist. Nat. de l'Egypte, pi. 9. fig. 3, 

 Expl. p. 271 (1825). 



Hydrocolceus minutus, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 113 (1829). 



Larus nigrotis, Lesson, Tr. d'Orn. p. 619 (1831). 



Chroicocephalus minutus, Eyton, Hist. R. Brit. B. p. 61 (1836) ; 

 Bruch, J. f. Orn. 1853, p. 105. 



Gavia minuta, Macgill. Hist. Brit. B. v. p. 613 (1852). 



Hab. European coasts and occasionally inland (on passage and in 

 winter) ; breeding in the marshes of Russia, and formerly in Gottland. 

 Middendorff obtained it in May on the Lena, to the south of Jakusk, 

 and as far east as the sea of Okotsk. Once in north India (Irby) ; 

 North Africa to Egypt in winter. 



Scopoli's description of L. albus applies fairly to this species, but 

 it is not sufficiently precise to enforce the adoption of that name to 

 the prejudice of a long accepted one like that of Pallas. 



46. Larus Philadelphia (Ord). (Fig. 16.) 



Sterna Philadelphia, Ord, Guthrie's Geogr. 2nd Am. ed. ii. p. 319 

 (1815),/</<? Lawr., B. N. Am. p. 252. 



Larus minutus, J. Sabine, App. Franklin's Polar Sea, p. 696 

 (1823); Sw. & Rich. F. Bor.-Am. Birds, p. 426 (1831), nee Pallas. 



"Larus eapistratus, Temm.," Bp. Speech. Comp. p. 69 (1828), 

 nee Temm. 



Larus melanorhynchus, Temm. PI. Col. livr. 85, tab. 504 (1830), 

 Chili? 



Larus bonapartii, Sw. & Rich. F. Bor.-Am., Birds, p. 425, pi. 72 

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