THE SPEECH OF MONKEYS. 131 



To reason is to think methodically and to 

 judge from attending facts. When a monkey 

 examines the situation and acts in accordance 

 with the facts, doing a certain thing with the 

 evident purpose of accomplishing a certain end, 

 in what respect is this not reason? When a 

 monkey remembers a thing which has passed and 

 anticipates a thing which is to come ; when he 

 has learned a thing by experience, which he 

 avoids through memory and the apprehension of 

 its reoccurrence, is it instinct that guides his 

 conduct ? When a monkey shows clearly by his 

 actions that he is aware of the relation between 

 cause and effect, and acts in accordance there- 

 with, is it instinct or reason that guides him? If 

 there be a point in the order of nature where 

 reason became an acquired faculty, it is some- 

 where far below the plane occupied by monkeys. 

 Their power of reasoning is far inferior to that 

 of man, but not more so than their power of 

 thinking and expression ; but a faculty does not 

 lose its identity by reason of its feebleness. 

 When the same causes under the same conditions 

 prompt man and ape alike to do the same act in 

 the same way, looking forward to the same re- 

 sults, I cannot understand why the motive of the 



