THE SPEECH OF MONKEYS. 1 5 I 



priety that it is my opinion that the vital and 

 psychic forces operate in a manner not unlike 

 the electric and chemical forces. They appear 

 to polarize, and in this condition act on matter in 

 harmony with that great law of nature under 

 which positive repels positive and attracts neg- 

 ative, and vice versa. We shall not attempt to fol- 

 low the tedious steps of progress from inanimate 

 matter to man, but begin with those intermediate 

 forms which are so far developed as to utter 

 sounds and understand the sounds of others. 

 We will deal only with tangible facts as we find 

 them. From whatever source expression may 

 arise or at whatever point it may appear, it is 

 prompted by desire or some kindred emotion, 

 either positive or negative. 



At the point where we begin to discuss this 

 question there are two distinct modes of expres- 

 sion, either one of which can be used without the 

 other. But I may mention here a cogent fact — 

 that in the lower forms of life the normal mode 

 of expression is by signs with supplemental 

 sounds. In the higher forms expression is by 

 sounds, and signs are supplemental; and from 

 the lower to the higher forms this transition is 

 in harmony with the development of physical 



