THE SPEECH OF MONKEYS. I93 



among them is that the range of sounds that 

 they use among themselves is very small. I have 

 made some records of parrots, macaws, cockatoos, 

 etc., and I find their natural vocal sounds usually 

 wanting in quality: most of their sounds are 

 hoarse and guttural. 



Among the gallinaceous birds there does not 

 appear to be much music. There is a great same- 

 ness of sounds in the different species, and they 

 seem to be confined to the economic use of speech. 



In my early life I devoted much time to gun- 

 ning, and I observed then and called attention to 

 the fact that when a covey of birds became scat- 

 tered I could tell at what point they would hud- 

 dle. I could tell this by the call of one bird and 

 the reply of the others. The call-bird, which was 

 always the leader of the covey, would sound his 

 call from a certain point near which the other 

 birds would usually assemble, and during this 

 time they would answer him from various other 

 points. The sound used by the call-bird is un- 

 like that used by the rest of the flock, but the 

 sounds with which they reply to him are all alike, 

 and by observing this I could always find the 

 covey again by allowing them time to come to- 

 gether, especially if it was late in the afternoon. 

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