GREEK P REPOSITIONS. 329 



Aid WKTog eyKoQiudav. AnacREOM. 



" Sleeping through the night,"— -" time pafTed in deeping, — the 

 " night." 



1. After. 



Aid hveiv fiyAgav dzo^tovrtg to rgwrov v$ag, (DlOSCOR.), ' pouring 

 '- off the firfl water after two days," — " pouring off the water, 

 " — interval of time pa [fed before pouring it off, — or pafTed in its 

 " previous ftate, — two days." For it is to be obferved, that 

 when did is thus made to denote after, it always implies, that the 

 ftate of the tranfaction then exifting, is the reiult of the pre- 

 ceding action, with which did is joined. Aid rgiav hyJgav ?ja#£, 

 " after three days he came," — " interval pafTed in coming, — 

 " three days," — intimating that three days were fpent in travel- 

 ling ; whereas, had yzrcc been ufed for after, no fuch previous 

 connection would have been implied ; the three days might 

 have been occupied with an action bearing no relation to his 

 coming. 



By a fecond remove from the primitive meaning of the word, 

 hd came alfo to be applied to exprefs causation in all its forms. 

 In this mode of application, it appears to have been extenfively 

 employed to mark, indifferently, the efficient, — the injlrumental, 

 — the formal, — the material, — the procuring, and the. final caufe. 

 The idea, in all of them, was evidently taken from the ufe of did 

 to exprefs an interval pafTed, an intervening object penetrated, or 

 an intermediate fpace crofTed. A caufe, of whatever kind, na- 

 turally prefented itfelf to the mind as a pafTage or medium be- 

 tween the bare conception or defign of an action and its entire 

 completion. An example of each fpecies of caufe, will fhow, in 

 this ufe of hd, the conftant reference to its radical meaning. 



The efficient. Ai ov kxdQoysv yj*.gm, {Rom. i. 5.), " through 

 " whom we received grace," — " we received grace, — medium of 

 n its conveyance to us, — him." 



U u 2 To) 



