140 MAMMALIAN DENTITION 



crude flour. This seems further to be borne out by the flat- 

 tened condyles; but the condyles are subject to great variation 

 in the human race and in the appearance of them too great con- 

 fidence should not be placed. 



Special features, wherein Heidelberg Man differs not only 

 from more ancestral Primate types and from Anthropoids but 

 indeed from modern Man and his late Pleistocene forerunners, 

 are the stoutness of the teeth in which the crown and root 

 merge without the occurrence of any narrowed intermediate 

 portion or neck and in tendency to fusion of the roots, a condi- 

 tion called by Keith, taurodontism (see page 146). In the 

 stoutness of the teeth Heidelberg Man is resembled by another 

 individual, the skull of which, also very primitive, was re- 

 covered from the limestone breccia of Forbes Quarry, Gib- 

 raltar. 



The Gibraltar skull, pronounced by some to be that of a 

 woman, probably belonged to a Neandertaloid individual, the 

 most striking feature being the short and relatively wide palate. 

 Its exact relationship to the other fossil human skulls is un- 

 certain; Ave know that during the Glacial period there were 

 several different types of skull. 



Recent discoveries have shown that there Avere in Europe tAvo 

 distinct races of men during the later part of the Great Ice 

 age. One of these Avas similar and very probably ancestral to 

 ourselves; the other, the Neandertal race, shorter and bulkier, 

 large jaAved and beetle broAved Avith slouching gait and stoop- 

 ing shoulders, Avas named after the site of discovery of the 

 first recognized cranial fragments. Of these tAvo human forms 

 the Neandertal race probably originated from- the type de- 

 scribed as Heidelberg Man and although this is not positive it 

 may be that the other form, our ancestor, Homo aurignacensis 

 had also the same origin. But H. aurignacensis appears 

 quite suddenly in the geological horizon of the later Pleistocene. 

 It becomes necessary then to compare examples of Neandertal 

 and Aurignacian Man. For this purpose Ave shall examine the 

 jaAvs of a young Neandertal boy of about fourteen years of age 



