THE HUMAN DENTITION 153 



sion of the molars is found as in Tasmanian and in Aurigna- 

 cian Man. The mandibular body is not strikingly deep and 

 the chin is very prominent. The upper incisors are large teeth 

 and like the lowers have their crowns set vertically. The 

 canines though stout do not project beyond the occlusal sur- 

 face of the neighboring teeth nor do they break the uniformity 

 of the dental arch.. There is nothing particularly noteworthy 

 about the premolars although in some Negroes the second 

 lower premolar possesses a large posterior moiety like that 

 shown by H. mousteriensis (Fig. 51). The molars as in the 

 White race present rounded contours. The first maxillary 

 molar is the largest and exhibits a hypocone: the second which 

 is not so large and the still smaller third have not this cusp and 

 in addition show a reduced metacone. In the present case the 

 antero-posterior axes of the upper molars are erratic. In the 

 mandible the first and third molars are subequal, the second is 

 smaller. The axis of the first makes the typical human angle 

 with that of the second. Each presents a hypoconulid which 

 is axial in the first but progressively more laterally placed 

 in the second and third. The last tooth shows its advanced 

 nature not only in its size and in the position of its hypoconulid 

 but also in the great transverse breadth of the posterior moiety 

 of the crown. The complexity of the secondary grooves upon 

 the crowns of the cheek teeth increasing to a maximum in the 

 third molar also demonstrate advanced specialization in the 

 Negro. 



We may now summarize the characteristics of the human 

 dentition in the following manner. The Tasmanian, though 

 showing some specialized features, presents a greater number of 

 primitive traits than other modern races. The European in 

 historic times has undergone marked changes in his jaws and 

 dentition and now presents an interesting admixture of primi- 

 tive features mingled with characters indicating very recent 

 adaptation. The Negro also exhibits marked recent modifica- 

 tions, but possesses a dentition more specialized in certain re- 

 spects than that of the European. 



