THE GIANT DEER. 



33 



and a considerable part of the root is not enclosed in the alveoli in the specimens 

 examined. 



There is a gap of eleven or more centimetres between c. and pm. 2, pm. 1 being 

 absent. The premolar and molar teeth steadily increase in size throughout the series 

 (PI. II, figs. 2—4). While in the molars a deep transverse groove on the outer side of 

 the tooth meeting a less conspicuous one on the inner side almost bisects the tooth, 

 the premolars have no such conspicuous grooving. The enamel infoldings into the 

 crown of the tooth are crescent-shaped in the worn molars, but not in the premolars. 

 The last molar has a conspicuous third lobe, and in all the molars a small cusp springs 

 just above the alveolus on the outer side of the tooth. 



A 



m pm o 



Fig. 14. — Milk dentition. A Inner view of left maxilla showing a milk tooth (m. pm. 3) in addition to the permanent 

 dentition. From Carlow. B Left lower third milk premolar. From Doneraile. Both half natural size (Nat. Mus., 

 Dublin). 



Milk Dentition. 

 This is imperfectly known, but a maxilla (Text-fig. 14a) in the Nationa l Museum , 

 Dublin, has m. pm. 3 just about to be shed, and a second fragment has m. pm. 3 

 (Text-fig. 14b). The former specimen is from Carlow, the latter from Doneraile Cave. 



d. The Vertebral Column. 



Cervical Vertebra. — In the male these are distinguished by their great size and 

 massive character in correlation with the weight of the antlers. The cervical vertebra) 

 of the female, in correlation with the absence of the great antlers, are considerably 

 smaller than those of the male. 



The atlas (Text-fig. 15a and b) has specially deep articulating surfaces for the 

 condyles of the skull, and rather short but massive transverse processes thickened 



