THE GIANT DEER, 



35 



at the ends. The foramina on the upper surface for the passage of the spinal 

 nerves are very conspicuous. The axis (Text-fig. 15c, d) differs less from the other 

 cervical vertebrae than is usually the case. It has the usual scoop-like odontoid 

 process characteristic of Ruminants. The neural spine is not very high. The remain- 

 ing five cervical vertebrse (Text-fig. 16) are much alike. The neural spines are short, 

 particularly in the case of vertebrae 3 and 4 ; the transverse processes give off a strong 

 projection anteriorly, which in the case of vertebras 3 and 4 is forwardly-directed ; 

 in 5, 6 and 7 it becomes more massive and is directed downwards and forwards, and 

 becomes an inferior lamella. 



All the measurements of vertebras given in the following tables are of the male, 

 unless otherwise stated. 



Measurements op the Cervical Vertebrje. 





Set M. 2971, 



Brit. Mus. 



(J. E. Lee coll.). 



Skeleton from 



Euniscorthy 



(Sedgwick Mus., 



Cambridge). 



No. 254. 1901 



(Nrtt. Mus., 



Dublin). 



Atlas. 



1. Maximum width . . . . . 



2. Median dorso-ventral diameter 



3. Extreme width of condylar articular 



surface ...... 



Axis. 



1. Length from anterior end of odontoid 



process to postero- ventral extremity of 

 centrum ...... 



2. Height from base of centrum to top of 



neural spine ..... 



3. Diameter across transverse processes 



4. Diameter across articulating surfaces for 



atlas ...... 



5. Diameter across post-zygapophyses 



21-2 

 9-3* 



10-8 



15-4 



12-7 

 16-8 



10-6 

 8-15 



22-5 

 9-3 



13-5 



17-5 



11-55 

 9-9 



23-2 



8-75 



1105 



15-9 



15-35 

 19-6 



11-8 

 10-45 



* From end of spine to end of hypapophysis. 











Measurements of 



Cervical Vektebr^e. 





















3rd cervical. 



4th c-eiviciil 



Oth cevvieal. 



fitli cervical. 



7th cervical, 







m 



„ 







^ 



„ 







M 



„ 







.M 



w 







,M 



. 





























































3 

























3 









aj 



C5 . 









CS - 







o 



CS . 







<V 



O . 









C5 . 







~a 



s -> 



- 3 





^. 





A 3 





^ 



f i 







*® 



a j 



ji - 







a- 



•f 





„: 



>.to 



3 % 

 m - 



go 



a - 



- 



■S3 

 8 3 



3f 



3(5 



6 r 



'/ 



c jo 



3| 



go 



eft- 



J = 



S .- 



OQ 



— !S 

 c ifl 



I3| 

 ^'3 





3 



si 



ii 3 



go 



Id 



a r 





2 



03 



3 . 



1? ■/' 



C /J 



;- 3 



a 





15 « 



g 3 



p m 



fi 



'3 * 

 go 



«3 oi 



O '/. 



cfc 3 



?! 





3 - 



a?, 



3 S 



?! 



a « 



CO 



s ; 



oi x 



8 3 

 r5S 



y 





Ha 



— c 



pS 



X: 



£ 3 



M== 



M 



•OS 





. 



— i o 



w 



- CC 



0J * 



md 



3 3 



c H 





■2| 



«= 



3 3 



- a 



s -' 























Cm 





















^: 



1. Width across trans- 



17-25 



g 6£ 



19-5 



- -* 



5 2 



2 " 

 SSI 



19-7 



c.2 



3 

 u .3 



13-3 





0. '.1 



«2 



- -* 

 * o 



PC n 



* it 



9g 



0J.3 



*3 



L9-3 



3 S 



20-1 



S3 

 c ;+ 



20-6 



-r 



Is 



14-0 



*l — ■ 

 ■ji - 



160 



" be 



17-9 



— OS 

 OS'5 



s s 



11 - - 







- " 



0.2 



0).- 



17-2 



19-9 



19-8 



14-0 



18- 25 



il-S 



L9-5 



16-6 



151 13-4 



verse processes 







































2. Width across post- 



9-7 



10- 'J 



10-05 



7-7 



10-1 



11-3510 



7-7 



I o-o 



10-75 



10-20 



7 '5 



10'25 



11-3 



11-15 



9-0 



9-8 LO'7 l( 



zygapophyses 







































3. Length of centrum* 



10-5 





10-4 





10-0' 



■ • 



10-75 . . 



1 



9-7 





111 





9-6 





10-5 





100 . . 



935 .. 



* Measured from centre of anterior convexity to centre of posterior 0OI1C8 rity. 



