﻿CANIS. 3 



Paviland (Buckland, 1 1824), Oreston (Clift and Wkidbey, 3 1823), Banwell (Rutter, 3 

 1829), Yealm Bridge, Devon (Bellamy,* 1839). Buckland, in the ' Reliquige Dilu- 

 vianse ' 5 (1824), gives a table showing that these animals had been recognised in 

 various other Pleistocene deposits, both in Britain and on the continent. 



The question as to the specific identity of the fossil Canidse of the caves with 

 those living at the present time being settled, the far more difficult one concerning 

 the mutual relationship of the wolves, jackals, and dogs occupied attention. This 

 question had, as has been already mentioned, been considered by Cuvier and 

 Daubenton. It was fully discussed in 1844 by de Blainville, 6 who went beyond 

 those anatomists in being unable to recognise any osteological distinction between 

 dogs and wolves, and by Pictet 7 (1853), who was the earliest author to suggest as 

 the origin of the domestic dogs, not any known species of Ganis living or fossil, but 

 an unknown species assumed to have existed in Pleistocene times. 



Between 1859 and 1885 appeared a long series of papers dealing with the 

 Pleistocene and Prehistoric Caniclge of Ireland, which were described from the 

 following localities : Dunshaughlin, co. Meath (Wilde, 8 1859, dog) ; Shandon, co. 

 Clare (Adams, 9 1879, wolf and fox) ; Knockninny, co. Fermanagh (Haughton, 10 

 1876, wolf, dog, fox) ; Ballynamintra, co. Waterford (Adams, 11 1881, wolf, dog) ; 

 Knockmore, co. Fermanagh (Ball, 12 1885, wolf). More recent are the records 

 from Kesh, co. Sligo (Scharff, 1903, wolf, dog, fox), and Edenvale, co. Clare 

 (Scharff, 1906, wolf, dog, fox, Arctic fox). 



At Shandon and Kesh it is probable that deposits of both Pleistocene and 

 Prehistoric date occur. At all the other Irish localities in the above list it is 

 probable that the remains belong solely to the Prehistoric period. 



Other important records of Pleistocene canine remains are those of Kent's 

 Cavern, Torquay (MacEnery, 13 1859, wolf, fox), Wookey Hole near Wells 

 (Dawkins, u 1862 and 1863, wolf, fox), Creswell Crags, Derbyshire (Busk, 15 1875, 

 wolf, fox, Arctic fox). The occurrence of the Arctic fox in Britain had not been 

 previously noted. The records from Norwich (Denny, 10 1859, dog) and from 



1 ' Reliquiae Diluvianse,' p. 85. 2 ' Phil. Trans.,' cxiii, p. 88. 



3 ' Delin. Co. Somerset,' p. 156. 



4 ' Nat. Hist. S. Devon.' Bellamy's account is reproduced by Pengelly in his paper on " The 

 Literature of the Caverns near Tealmpton, S. Devon," 'Trans. Devon. Assoc.,' iv, 1871, p. 92. 



5 ' Eeliquise Diluvianae,' facing p. 1. 6 ' Osteographie — Carnassiers,' pp. 101 — 104. 



7 'Traite de Paleontologie,' torn, i, p. 202. 8 ' Proc. Eoy. Irish Acad.,' vii, p. 193. 



9 ' Trans. Eoy. Irish Acad.,' xxvi (Sci.), p. 227. 



10 ' Proc. Eoy. Irish Acad.,' (2), ii (Sci.), p. 482. 



n ' Trans. Eoy. Dublin Soc' (2), i, p. 205. ™ Ibid. (2), iii, p. 335. 



13 ' Cavern Eesearches.' 



14 ' Quart. .Journ. Ceol. Soc.,' xviii, p. 124 ; and xix, p. 267. 



1 5 Ibid., xxxi, pp. 684—687. 



18 ' Proc. Yorks. Geol. Polyt. Soc.,' iii, p. 538. 



