﻿8 PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 



Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott, of St. Leonard's (see Pis. V and VI, and Text-figs. 1—7). 

 In the same paper by Newton a reference is made to a skull belonging to Dr. H. P. 

 Blackmore, of Salisbury, who obtained it in 1875 from the brick earth of Fisherton, 

 near Salisbury, where it was associated with the following Arctic animals 1 : Lejms 

 variabilis (the mountain hare), Microtus nivalis, My odes torquatus (the lemming), 

 Ovlbos moschatus (the musk ox), and Bangifer tarandus (the reindeer). The reindeer 

 was also found associated with the Arctic fox at Creswell Crags and Ightham, and 

 Newton 2 is further of opinion that certain vertebras and other bones from a small 

 cave at Walton near Clevedon are to be attributed to the Arctic fox ; here the 

 presence of another arctic animal, the lemming, is indicated. The only record of 

 the occurrence of the Arctic fox in Ireland is contained in Scharffs 3 account 

 of the Newhall cave, Edenvale, co. Clare, where a jaw clearly to be attributed to 

 this species was met with. Here again it was associated with the reindeer 

 and lemming. 



Skeletal Differences between the Common and Arctic Foxes. 



The common fox is, as a rule, very considerably larger than the Arctic fox, 

 but as small individuals may occur this difference is not always a safe criterion. 

 There are, however, many differences in the skull. The skull of the common fox 

 is the larger, and has the length of the jaws relatively greater in proportion to the 

 size of the cranium, and hence the anterior premolars are more widely spaced than 

 in the Arctic fox. On the other hand, the cranium of the common fox is somewhat 

 narrower in proportion to its length than that of the Arctic fox, especially just 

 behind the post-orbital processes. These tend to be longer in the common fox 

 than in the Arctic fox. Scharff mentions that the length of m. 2 is somewhat 

 greater in the common fox than in the Arctic fox, but this difference seems 

 scarcely appreciable in the British Museum specimens. 



? Lycaon anglicus, Lyd. 



This name is applied by Lydekker 4 to a left mandibular ramus from the Sprit- 

 sail Tor cave, Gower, which was originally described and figured by Falconer 5 

 under the name of " hygenoid wolf." The specimen was subsequently fully des- 



1 " The Geology of the Country around Salisbury," 'Mem. Greol. Surv. of England and Wales,' 

 1903, p. 68. 



2 ' Proc. Bristol Nat. Soe.,' 4th ser., i, pt, 3, p. 186, 1907 (issued for 1906). 



3 'Trans. Roy. Irish Acad.,' xxxiii, B., pt. 1, p. 48. 



4 ' Geol. Mag.,' dec. iii, i, 1884, p. 443. 



5 ' Pal. Mem.,' ii, pi. xxxvi, figs. 1, 2. 



