﻿22 PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 



(4) Table of Comparative Measurements of Bones op Posterior. Limb — continued. 



Tibia. 



C. lupus (left). 

 Pleistocene. 



Torbryan, Tor- 

 quay. No. 



M.4563 (Brit. 

 Mus.). 



C. lupus (left). 



Pleistocene. 

 Ightham., near 



Maidstone. 

 (Corner Coll.) 



C. vulpes (left). 



Pleistocene. 



Ightham, near 

 Maidstone. No 



M.7232 (Brit. 

 Mus.). 



C. lagopus 



(right). 



Pleistocene. 



Ightham, near 



Maidstone. 

 (Corner Coll.) 



Maximum length 



Transverse or right to left diameter at 



proximal end 



Vertical or antero-posterior diameter at 



proximal end measured to top of crest 



Transverse diameter at distal end 



Vertical or antero-posterior diameter at 



distal end 



21-45* 



4-4 



3-4 

 305 



23 



217 



4-4 



4-3 

 30 



2-05 



14-3* 



2-45 



17 

 1-6 



11 



1075 



1-85 



17 

 1-25 



0-85 



Figured. 



IV. MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE PLEISTOCENE AND POST. 

 PLEISTOCENE CANKLE. 



This most difficult subject has puzzled zoologists from the time of Buffon and 

 Daubenton to the present day. It cannot be entirely overlooked in such a 

 memoir as the present, but no attempt will be made to deal exhaustively with it. 



Two questions are involved, which, though distinct, have the most intimate 

 bearing upon one another. 



The first of these is, whether any valid and reliable distinction can be found 

 between the dogs, on the one hand, and the wolves and jackals on the other. The 

 second is, whether the origin of the domestic dogs is to be sought wholly or 

 partially in the existing wild Canidge — wolf, jackal, or certain kinds of wild dog, 

 or whether it may be found in one or more fossil species known or as yet undis- 

 covered. The former of these questions may be first considered. A large number 

 of points have been referred to by zoologists in their attempts to find valid 

 osteological distinctions between dog and wolf. To each point in the following 

 list the names of certain authors who allude to it are appended ; but it is not 

 implied that in every case the points are accepted as valid distinguishing 

 characters by the authors who allude to them. 



(1) "Wolves have the triangular part of the cranium between the orbits a little 

 narrower and flatter than in dogs (Cuvier, Denny). 



(2) The sagittal crest is longer and more elevated in wolves than in dogs (Cuvier, 

 Denny, Vieira). 



(3) The teeth, especially the canines, are longer in wolves than in dogs (Cuvier, 

 Denny). 



