﻿CANIS. 25 



disposed to derive the domestic dogs from the wolf; Neh ring, partly from the 

 wolf and partly from the jackal ; Gueldenstadt, and G. St. Hilaire, from the jackal ; 

 de Blainville, Pictet, Boule (1889), Gaudry and Boule (1892), Bourguignat and 

 Woldrich, from one or more extinct types of dog, neither wolves nor jackals; 

 Stnder, partly from wolves, partly from extinct types of dog ; finally, von Pelzeln 

 has recourse to all the above-mentioned sources — wolves, jackals and extinct types 

 of dogs, and in addition derives certain races from the existing wild dogs, 

 Ganis sinensis and Ganis pallipes. Jeitteles also has recourse to several living 

 species, including the jackal and Ganis pallipes. 



V. CONCLUSIONS. 



These may be very briefly stated and contain no element of novelty. In 

 Pliocene times the wolf (Ganis lupus) and common fox (Ganis vulpes) were already 

 inhabitants of Britain. In Pleistocene times they abounded and the Arctic fox 

 (Ganis lagopus) was sparingly represented ; but no animals which can be distin- 

 guished as dogs have been recognised in Britain in Pleistocene deposits. In Pre- 

 historic times, however, true dogs abounded. Doubt is expressed with regard to 

 the desirability of recognising the occurrence of the genus Lycaon in England. 



My sincere thanks are tendered to Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott and Dr. F. Corner 

 for kindly placing their large collections of canine bones from the Ightham fissure 

 at my disposal for examination and figuring. I am much indebted to Mr. H. 

 Bolton, Prof. T. McK. Hughes, Mr. A. Somervail and Dr. A. Smith Woodward for 

 the loan of specimens preserved respectively in the Bristol, Sedgwick, Torquay and 

 British Museums. I further wish to thank Dr. A. Smith Woodward, Dr. C. W. 

 Andrews, Mr. R. Lyclekker and Dr. R. F. Scharff for help and information, and Mr. 

 J. Green for the care he has taken with the illustrations. 



VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1758. Daubenton in Buffon's ' Histoire Naturelle,' torn, vii, p. 53. 



1774. J. F. Bsper, ' Ausf uhrliche Nachricht — -Zoolithen, Bayreuth.' 



1776. J. A. Gueldenstadt, " Schacalse Historia," 'Nov. Comment. Acad. Scient. 



Imp. Petropol.,' xx, 1775 (St. Petersburg). 

 1794. J. C. Rosenmiiller, ' Quaadam de Ossibus fossilibus animalis,' p. 27 (Leipzig). 

 1810. G. A. Goldfuss, 'Die Umgebungen von Muggendorf ' (Erlangen). 

 1812. G. Cuvier, ' Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles,' torn, iv, iv, pp. 5 — 9. 

 1822. W. Buckland, " Account of an Assemblage of Fossils — Kirkdale Cave," 



'Phil. Trans.,' cxii, p. 182. 



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