io HIS TORT of the SOCIETK 



In the fourth modification, the paflage of the breath or found 

 is not interrupted in any degree, but is made to pafs in a very 

 peculiar manner through the mouth. For this purpofe the 

 tongue is clofely applied to the fore part of the palate, but it is 

 retracted on each fide, fo as to leave an open fpace. A free paf- 

 fage is thus preferved for the breath which goes under the 

 tongue and out of the mouth. This may be termed the liquid 

 modification, in which is formed the fonorous letter /. 



The fifth and lajl modification is formed by fhutting thofe 

 lateral pafTages for the breath which were opened in the laft mo- 

 dification, and at the fame time fufFering the found to pafs by 

 the nafal paffage, in the fame manner as in the fecond modifi- 

 cation of the firft pofition. Thus we produce the letter n, in 

 what may be termed the nafal modification, 



The fifth pofition is formed in all refpecls like the fourth, 

 but only by a different part of the tongue and palate. There 

 are therefore the fame number of modifications in this pofition 

 as in the former; and thefe, correfponding in their nature, 

 may be denominated in the fame manner. 



We have thus the letters k and g formed in the mute modifi- 

 cation ; the JIj and j in the fibilating modification ; the gut- 

 tural or Northumbrian r in the vibratory modification ; the 

 Spanifh //, or the French / ?nouillee, in the liquid modification ; 

 and the guttural n, or Englifh ng, in the nafal modification. 



The feveral pofitions of the organ, with their different mo- 

 difications, being thus underftood, the formation of the confo- 

 nants, and articulations of voice, by the aclion of the breath 

 and found, may be now explained. 



In all the pofitions of the articulating organ, there is either 

 employed the fimple afpiration of the breath, or a found pro- 

 duced in the windpipe, and modified in the articulating organ. 

 Thus, in all the pofitions, and in feveral of their modifications, 

 there are produced two diftinct articulators, according either as 

 found is emitted along with the articulation, or only the breath 



employed 



