Particularly of the LETTER SirMA. 123 



" ny are double ? Three, £, f, ^. How many are immutable ? 

 " Four, which are alfo called liquids, X, p, v, § *." The re- 

 maining nine confonants are called mutes by all the gram- 

 marians : Of which three, to wit, sr, », r, are termed i//<X«, 

 fmoothj three, to wit, <p, %, &, are Patrice, rough , or denfe ; and 

 three, to wit, /3, 7, £, are yAo-a, intermediate j in fuch a manner, 

 that each fmooth one has an intermediate and a denfe one to 

 correfpond to it, which three are faid to be of the fame rank, 

 becaufe they nearly refemble each other in the manner in 

 which the vocal organs exert themfelves in pronouncing them ', 

 the firfl rank <r, /3, <p, being labial, the fecond ■/,, 7, ^, being pa- 

 latine^ and the third r, £, 0, being dental, as is well known to 

 every one who has the fmalleft acquaintance with the princi- 

 ples of the Greek tongue. Aristotle has defined, with his 

 ufual acutenefs and precifion, the difference betwixt a vowel, a 

 femivowel and a mute. " A vowel (fays he) is that which, 

 " without any allifion of the organs, hath an audible found, 

 " as cc and u. A femivowel is that which, with an allifion, 

 " hath an audible found, as <r and £. A mute is that which, 

 " with an allifion, hath by itfelf indeed no audible found, but 

 " is audible in conjunction with the vowels, as 7 and s f." 



I am fenfible that the arrangement of the confonants by the 

 Greek grammarians, has not been approved of by fome late 

 writers on the fubjecl of grammar ; and there is no doubt but 

 another might be fhewn which would feem better adapted to 



0^2 the 



* 'E;? ItiffX dtuigisiiTcci T« Sin.oti'ma. trvfA-pUDOi } «'? ove f «s y,fii<pa»ct xxi xQuvct. Trotrx yiftlputa. ; 

 ixru $, %, <|/, A, |tt, *, g, o-. «'j 7roa-x &&(>Siitcii rcc oxTui nptQuva. ; w'5 Tg/«, e/5 S<5rA«, «'j «/H8t*- 

 £oA«e, >cj «5 to oriy^a.. nroaoc dfxXu J i^ioc, £, |, \J/. nrtura, «/xST«'fccA« J Tlc-o^a, a, iC iiygx teyotlai, 

 X, fi, t, g. Emanue lis Chrysolorae Gr. Gram, lnjlitutiones. Ven. apud Jo. Farreum 

 et Fratres. 1 2mo. Paginis defunt numeri. 



•j- v Er< Ji Qatiii* /*e», a.nv fl-gocfeoA^ fj^ov tpuviiv axxrlqt. olov, to a. x«» &>. 'H/jLiQute* Je, to aslel 

 7rg«c-€oA?5 e^av <p«»i> axao-Tijv* Okov, to tr } xatj to g. ' Apavov $t } to f*iT« irpurSaXvis x«S' *yTo aiv 

 vhfit'xv t%ov (putTjVf j^irei $i tw» Ip^anT&di t<v<* Quvw ytvlpiyov ur.Xinlt' otov } to y x«< t» & n?f» 

 Ho. r,T. Kf^>. x'. 



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