OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE. 163 



Jy displayed. In the neighbourhood of both junctions, the sand- 

 stone strata, laid open by the shore, present to view a striking 

 picture of former revolutions, as I have endeavoured to repre- 

 sent by two sketches taken upon the spot. One is at the Hal- 

 lahole near the Press, between Berwick and Eyemouth (Plate 

 VII.) on the east ; and the other at the Coveshore (Plate VIII) 

 in the parish of Cockburnspath on the west. 



In both, the sandstone, remote from the junction, is seen in 

 an horizontal position, which seems to be its general character, 

 and which upon the West it maintains to a great extent ; but in 

 the neighbourhood of the junction, the beds become absolute- 

 ly perpendicular, in a rock which, in both cases, rises to the 

 height of thirty or forty feet. This change of position takes 

 place differently in the two cases. That upon the East is sud- 

 den and immediate, the whole change being performed in a 

 single cliff, at the bottom of which the beds are horizontal, and 

 at its summit vertical, nay, leaning over upon themselves ; on 

 the other it is gradual, the strata being seen in succession to 

 pass through every intermediate declivity, the change occupy- 

 ing more than a mile of coast. 



This local elevation seems unequivocally to denote a oreat 

 perpendicular shift. Either the sandstone mass has sunk and 

 left the killas behind it, or the killas has risen from below, 

 leaving the sandstone, and dragging its contiguous beds partly 

 up along with it. As we know that the whole once lay deep 

 below the sea, and that it is now raised, it seems more simple 

 to ascribe these changes to one action, and to believe that the 

 last supposition is the true one. 



A fact which I witnessed in Calabria, not long after it occur^ 

 red, belongs to the same class, and may bear a similar inter- 

 pretation. What is called the Plain of Calabria is an alluvial 



X 2 district, 



