﻿EELIS SPEL^EA. 51 



second branch of the masseter also springs in part from the inferior edge of the zygomatic 

 arch, and from the edge of the glenoid cavity. 



MM. Goldfuss and Cuvier 1 agree in stating that the height of the zygomatic arch in 

 Felis spelaa is greater than in either the lion or the tiger, while according to M. de 

 Blainville 2 it is wider in Felis spelaa and tiger than in the lion. He adds also that the 

 articular process rises from the temporal portion of the squamosal at more nearly a right 

 angle in Felis spelaa than in lion. On testing the value of these points in a large series 

 of leonine and tigrine skulls, we cannot admit them to be of specific value ; and after com- 

 paring the two skulls of Felis spelaa in the Taunton Museum with those of both those 

 species, we cannot lay hold of any character by which we can separate one from the other 

 so far as this bone is concerned. 



We figure in PL IX, fig. 2, a fragment of the articular portion of a squamosal from 

 Bleadon Cavern, which is very much larger than any other we have met with, either recent 

 or fossil. 



§ 12. Malar or Jugal (Pis. VI, VII, VIII, X, No. 26).— The malar is a thin quad- 

 rangular bone which forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch, and stands out 

 from the skull so as to form an angle of from 40° to 45° with the median plane, the angle 

 being smaller in the younger than the older animals. This difference is very evident if 

 we compare the young skull figured in PI. X with the old one in PI. VII. In front it is 

 articulated to the maxillary, and a small process passes inwards, forming the inferior 

 border of the orbit, and the upper half of the bridge over the infra-orbital foramen, to 

 articulate with the lachrymal. Behind it joins the zygomatic portion of the squamosal 

 by a very oblique suture, which passes diagonally upwards, inwards, and forwards, as far 

 as the plane of the suborbital process (s). This latter is a strong, flattened, triangular 

 mass of bone, produced into a sharp angle pointing upwards and backwards, connected in 

 the living animal with the supra-orbital process of the frontal (t) by the fronto-malar 

 ligament (gonio-malar 3 of Straus-Durckheim) which completes, with the frontal, malar, 

 lachrymal, and maxillary, the orbit. Erom this ligament, as well as to the posterior part 

 of the sub-orbital process, rises a portion of the large temporal or crotaphite muscle, which 

 fills nearly the whole of the temporal fossa. Along the outer surface a ridge of con- 

 siderable prominence runs parallel to the lower free concave edge of the bone, which 

 affords an origin to the first portion of the masseter muscle, the second springing from the 

 inner surface, without leaving any impression on the bone to mark its position. The 

 infero-exterior surface also affords attachments in front to the "lesser zygomatic muscle" 4 



1 ' Oss. Foss.,' vol. iv, p. 463, ed. 1825. 



2 <Ost. Felis,' p. 108. 



3 Straus-Durckheim, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 14. 



4 Ibid., p. 210. 



