﻿FELIS SPEL^A. 



65 



CHAPTER VII. 



Pis. I, VI, VIII, XI, XII, XIII. 



CONTENTS. 



§ 1. Introduction. The Elements of the Teeth. 



The Dental Formula. 

 § 2. Permanent Teeth. 

 a. Upper. 

 /3. Lower. 



§ 3. Milk Teeth. 



a. Upper. 



/3. Lower. 

 § 4. Measurements. 



§ I. Introduction. — The Elements of the Teeth. — The large numbers of the teeth 

 from the caves and river-deposits of Great Britain afford ample materials for working out 

 the whole of the dentition of Fells speltsa, with the exception of some of the milk 

 incisors. All the specimens we figure are from the bone-caves of Somerset, with the 

 exception of a large upper canine and two small incisors, from a cave in Gower. 



The teeth of Fells spelcea consist of the same elements variously modified according to 

 the functions each tooth has to perform. The primary element is a cone for piercing 

 flesh, the form of the whole tooth being modified, as the case may require, by the addition 

 of one or more parts. The permanent canines are examples of the first form (PL XI, 

 figs. 1, 5, 6, 7 ; PI. XII, figs. 4, 5, 6), in which the "primary" cone (a) represents the 

 whole of the crown, the secondary cusps being reduced to all but obsolete tubercles ; 

 while in the milk canine of the lower jaw (PI. XIII, fig. 7), it is modified by the addition 

 of a " secondary" internal or anterior cusp (b). In the lower incisors (PI. XII, figs. 1, 

 2, 3), it is modified by an outer or posterior cusp (c). In premolar 3 (PI. XI, figs. 9, 

 10, 11) of the upper jaw, we find the primary cone {a) with large anterior and posterior 

 "secondary" cusps (b and c), and a small posterior "accessory" (e). On premolar 4 

 (PI. XI, figs. 1, 12, 13) of the same jaw, (a, b, and c) are modified for a sectorial pur- 



