Mental Processes in Animals. 377 



actions of average men are intelligent and not rational. 

 Do we not all of us know hundreds of practical men who 

 are in the highest degree intelligent, but in whom the 

 rational, analytic faculty is but little developed ? Is it any 

 injustice to the brutes to contend that their inferences are 

 of the same order as those of these excellent practical 

 folk? In any case, no such injustice is intended ; and if I 

 deny them self-consciousness and reason, I grant to the 

 higher animals perceptions of marvellous acuteness and 

 intelligent inferences of wonderful accuracy and precision 

 — intelligent inferences in some cases, no doubt, more 

 perfect even than those of man, who is often distracted by 

 many thoughts. 



