Index. 



507 



236; on the greater variability 

 of male, 237 ; on attention in 

 monkeys, 342 ; on brain of ant, 

 358 ; on gestures of anger and 

 rage, 389 ; on pleasures and 

 pains of animals, 394 ; on 

 bravery of a monkey, 396 ; on 

 Abyssinian baboons, 405 ; on 

 sense of humour in the dag, 

 406 ; on neuter insects, 440 ; 

 on selection of oxen, 441 ; on 

 acquisition of fear of man by 

 birds, 443 ; on satin bower 

 bird, 450 

 Death, natural introduction of, 



186, 193 

 Deceit in dogs, 400 

 Degeneration, 183 

 Desert animals, inconspicuous- 



ness of, 89 

 Descartes on pineal gland, 288 

 Desire, 460, 463 

 Destruction, indiscriminate, as 



opposed to elimination, 76 

 Development of organisms dis- 

 tinct from growth, 6 ; repro- 

 duction and, 36 ; is differential 

 growth, 49 ; of a vertebrate, 

 diagrammatic account of, 51 ; 

 comparative, of some verte- 

 brates, 220 

 De Veies, 132, 159 

 Differentiation in protozoa, 40 ; 

 in metazoa, 41 ; during de- 

 velopment, 49 ; of reproduc- 

 tive cells, 143 ; and integra- 

 tion, 183 ; of tissues, 232 

 Difflugia, 360 

 Dimorphism in larvae, 187 

 Discrimination in the sense of 

 touch, 245 ; hearing, 262 ; 

 sight, 275 ; its fundamental 

 nature, 338 ; in sea-anemone, 

 359 

 Disease, elimination by, 80 

 Display, 207 



Disuse, panmixia and, 189 ; ne^ 

 gative and not positive, 196 ; 

 use and, 209 

 Divergence among birds, illus- 

 trated from Wallace, 97 ; 

 through diverse adaptation, 11 1 

 Dixon, Mr. Charles, effects of 

 climate on the colours of birds, 

 164 ; on chaffinch nests, 454 

 Dog, effect of Indian climate 

 on, 164, 167 ; greyhounds in 

 Mexico, 167 ; sense of smell 

 in, 255, 338 ; vague percept of, 

 339 ; and the feelings of other 

 animals, 340 ; and pictures, 

 341 ; powers of communica- 

 tion, 344; swimming rivers, 

 365 ; cleverness of, 367 ; sym- 

 pathy in, 397 ; idea of caste, 

 deceit, 400 ; endurance of pain, 

 402 ; sense of justice in, 404 ; 

 punishing pup, 405 ; sense of 

 humour in, 406 ; swimming a 

 deferred instinct in, 423 ; turn- 

 ing round to make a couch, 444 

 Dog-fish, sense of smell in, 257 

 Domestication, variations effected 

 by, 171, 215; crossing and re- 

 version, 230 

 Doris tuberculata, 84 

 Dreaming, 341 ; and the animis- 

 tic hypothesis, 495 



Dromia vulgaris, 457 



Drones developed from unfer- 

 tilized ova, 45 ; second polar 

 cell extruded, 153 



Dubois, M., on Proteus, 294 



Ducks, '.Sir J. Crichton Browne 

 on, 171; Dr. Rae on instinc- 

 tive wildness of, 435 



Duration of life, 186 



Eagle, sclerotic plates of, 437 



Ear, 263 



Earthworm, respiration in, 4, 

 24 ; regeneration of lost parts, 

 41 ; sensitive to light, 293 ; 

 outward projection in, 359 



Eaton, Rev. A. E., on insects of 

 Kerguelen Island, 81 



Ecitons, 427 



Economy, principle of, 194 



Education of ants, 428 ; of young 

 animals, 455 



Egg and hen, problem of, 130 



Egg-cell and sperm-cell, diagram 

 of, 13; conditions which deter- 

 mine production of, 60 



Eggs, influence of food-yolk on 

 mode of development of, 56 ; 

 destruction of birds, 189 



Ego, or self, 475 



Eimer, Prof., on inhabitants of 

 Nile valley, 165 ; on Helix 

 hortensis, 226 ; on instinct, 

 436 ; on differential dread in 

 birds, 444 



Eject, meaning of, 476 



Elaboration, 183 



Elephant, rate of increase of, 57 ; 

 intelligence of, 363, 369 ; use 

 of tools by, 370 ; vindictive- 

 ness in, 401 



Elimination, as opposed to selec- 

 tion, 79 ; its three modes, 80 ; 

 as a factor in the origin of in- 

 stinct, 447 ; of ideas through 

 incongruity, 486 ; as applied 

 to the intellectual faculties, 497 



Embryology negatives preforma- 

 tion, 50 



Emotions exemplified, 382 ; the 

 expression of, 385 ; three orders 

 of, 391 ; in vertebrata, 395 



Encystment, 38, 49 



Ends and means, 371 



Energy, relations_of animals and 

 plants to, 16 



Ennomos tiliaria, caterpillar, 

 protective resemblance of, 85 



Environment, direct effects of on 

 the organism, 163 ; changes of, 

 in relation to the organism, 

 183 ; are effects of direct or 

 indirect ? 233 ; instances of 

 effects of, 238 



Equus, 118 



Eristalis tenax, 87 



Ethics in animals, 413 



Euplcea, 203 



Evolution of older writers, 50 ; 

 and revolution, 119; organic, 

 177 : meaning of term, 182 ; 

 mental, 464 ; organic and men- 

 tal not continuous, 488 ; inter- 

 neural, 490 

 Excrement of birds, resemblance 



of spider to, 90 

 Excretion, an essential life-pro- 

 ctss, 3, 29 



Expectation, 327 



Experience dependent on me- 

 mory, 305 



Expression of the emotions, 385 



Eye, structure of in man, 274 ; 

 in mole, 284; pineal, 287; in 

 insects, 288 ; facetted, 289 ; in 

 Crustacea, 292 ; in molluscs, 

 292 ; four types of, 294 



Fabre, M., on Sitaris, 439 



Facetted eye, 289 



Factors of phenomena, laws of, 

 61 



Falkland Islands, cattle of, 102 ; 

 birds of, 443 



Fear, dread and terror, 387 ; in- 

 stinct of, 443 



Feelings of animals, 8, 378 



Female. See Sex-differentiation. 



Female and male insects, differ- 

 ences between, 179; vigour 

 expended on offspring, 238 



Fertilization, nature of, 42 ; ab- 

 sent in parthenogenetic forms, 

 44 



Fertility, differential, Darwin and 

 Romanes on, 104 ; of hybrids, 

 105 



Fetishism, its natural genesis, 

 492 



Fischer, Dr. Emil, on smell, 254 



Fish, respiration in, 24 ; protec- 

 tive resemblance in, 83 ; 

 amount of food-yolk in eggs 

 of, 220 ; skate and turbot com- 

 pared, 220 ; sense of taste in, 

 252 ; sense of smell in, 256 ; 

 sense of hearing in, 264 ; sense 

 of sight in, 286 ; fascination in, 

 388 ; love-antics of, 450 



Fisk, Rev. G. H. R., on sym- 

 pathy in cat, 397 



Fission, a process of cell-division, 

 37 ; in protozoa, 38 ; in meta- 

 zoa, 41 



Flight, instinctive nature of, 425 



Flourens, M., on function of 

 semicircular canals, 269 



Flowers and fruits, selection of, 

 93 ; evolved through insect 

 agency, 206 



Folliculina, 360 



Food-stuffs, relations of animals 

 and plants to, 15 ; nature of 

 and digestion of, 25 



Food-yolk, influence of, on de- 

 velopment, 55 ; the result of 

 parental sacrifice, 57 



Forbes, H. O., on Javan spiders, 

 90 



Forel, M., on taste of ants, 253 ; 

 on vision of daphnids, 296 ; on 

 happy family of ants, 428 



Form-characteristics of animals, 



Fortuitous variatiou, 235 



Fosterage and protection, 219 ; 

 result of female self-sacrifice, 

 238 



Fothergill, Mr., on dogs swim- 

 ming rivers, 364 



Fowl, variations in, attributed by 

 Darwin to use, 171; crossing 

 of, 227, 230 



Fox, cunning of, 366 



Francis, Mr. H. A., 90 



