THE BIOLOGY OF DEATH 



447 



TABLE I. 



Changes in expectation of life from the seventeenth century to 



the present time. 



Age 



Average length of life remaining td 

 each one alive at beginning of age 

 interval. 



Breslau, 



17th 

 century. 



Carlisle, 



18th 

 century. 



Average length of life remaining to 

 each one alive at beginning of age 

 interval. 



Breslau, 



17th 

 century. 



Carlisle, 



18th 

 century. 



- I 

 1-2 



2 - 3 



3 - 4 



4 - 5 



5 -6 



6 -7 



7 -8 

 8-9 

 9 -io 



IO-II 

 11-12 



12-13 



13-14 

 14-15 



15-16 

 16-17 



17-18 

 18-19 



19-20 



20-21 

 21-22 

 22-23 

 23-24 

 24-25 

 25-26 

 26-27 

 27-28 

 28-29 

 29-30 

 30-31 

 31-32 

 32-33 



33-34 

 34-35 

 35-36 

 36-37 

 37-38 

 38-39 

 39-40 

 40-41 

 41-42 

 42-43 

 43-44 

 44-45 

 45-46 

 46-47 

 47-48 

 48-49 

 49-50 



33-50 

 38.10 

 39-/8 

 40.75 

 41-25 

 41-55 

 41.62 

 41.16 



40.95 

 40.50 



39-99 

 39-43 

 38.79 

 38.16 

 37-51 

 36.86 

 36.22 

 35-57 

 34-92 

 34-26 

 33-6 1 

 32-95 

 32.34 

 31.67 

 31-00 

 30.38 

 29.76 

 29.14 

 28.51 

 27-93 

 27-35 

 26.76 

 26.18 

 25-59 

 25.05 

 24.51 



23-97 

 23.43 

 22.88 

 22.33 

 21.78 

 21.23 



20.73 

 20.23 

 19.72 

 19.22 

 18.72 

 18.21 

 17.71 

 17.25 



38.72 

 44.67 

 47-55 

 49.81 

 50.76 

 51-24 

 51.16 

 50.79 

 50.24 



49-57 

 48.82 

 48.04 

 47.27 

 46.50 

 45-74 

 44-99 

 44.27 



43-57 

 42.87 

 42.16 

 41.46 

 40.75 

 40.03 



39-31 

 38.58 

 37-86 

 37-13 

 36.40 

 35-68 

 34-99 

 34-34 

 33-68 

 33-02 

 32.36 

 31.68 

 31.00 

 30.32 

 29.63 

 28.95 

 28.27 

 27.61 

 26.97 

 26.33 



2571 

 25.08 



24-45 

 23.81 

 23-16 

 22.50 

 21.81 



51.49 

 57.11 



5772 

 57-44 

 56.89 

 56.21 

 55-47 

 54.69 

 53.87 

 53-02 

 52.15 

 51-26 



50.37 

 49.49 

 48.60 

 47-73 

 46.86 

 46.01 

 45.17 

 44-34 

 43-53 

 42-73 

 41.94 

 41.16 

 40.38 

 39.60 

 38.81 

 38.03 

 37-25 

 36.48 

 35.70 

 34-93 

 34-17 

 33-41 

 32.66 

 31.90 

 31.16 

 30.42 

 29.68 

 28.94 

 28.20 

 27.46 

 26.73 



25.99 

 25.26 



24.54 

 23.82 

 23.10 

 22.39 

 21.69 



50-51 



51-52 



52-53 



53-54 



54-55 



55-56 



56-57 



57-58 



58-59 



59-6o 



60-61 



61-62 



62-63 



63-64 



64-65 



65-66 



66-67 



67-68 



68-69 



69-70 



70-71 



71-72 



72-73 



73-74 



74-75 



75-76 



76-77 



77-78 



78-79 



79-80 



80-81 



81-82 



82-83 



83-84 



84-85 



85-86 



86-87 



87-88 



88-89 



89-90 



90-91 



91-92 



92-93 



93-94 



94-95 



95-96 



96-97 



97-98 



98-09 



99-100 



16.81 

 16.36 

 15.92 

 1548 

 14.99 

 14.51 

 14.02 



13.54 

 13.06 



12.57 



12.09 



11.62 



11. 14 



10.67 



10.20 



9-73 



9.27 



8.81 



8.36 



7.91 



7-53 



7.17 



6.85 



6.56 



6.25 



5-99 



5-79 



5.71 



5.66 



5.67 



5-74 



5-86 



6.02 



5.85 



21. 11 

 20.39 

 19.68 



18.97 

 18.27 

 17.58 

 16.89 

 16.21 

 15-55 

 14.92 

 14-34 

 13.82 



13.31 

 12.81 

 12.30 

 11.79 

 11.27 



10-75 

 10.23 

 9.70 

 9.17 

 8.65 

 8.16 

 7-72 

 7-33 

 7.00 

 6.69 

 6.40 

 6.11 

 5.8o 

 5.51 



5-20 



4.93 

 4-65 

 4.39 



4.12 



3.90 

 3.71 

 3.59 

 3.47 

 3.28 

 3.26 

 3.37 

 3.48 

 3.53 

 3.53 

 3.46 

 3.28 

 3.07 

 2.77 



20.98 

 20.28 



19.58 

 18.89 

 18.21 



17.55 



16.90 

 16.26 



15.64 

 15.03 

 14.42 



13.83 



13.26 

 12.69 

 12.14 

 11.60 



11.08 



10.57 



10.07 



9.58 

 9.1 1 



8.66 

 8.22 

 779 

 7.38 

 6.99 

 6.61 

 6.25 

 5.90 

 5-56 

 5.25 

 496 

 4.70 

 445 

 4.22 

 4.00 

 3-79 

 3.58 

 3-39 



3-20 



3.03 

 2.87 



2-73 

 2.59 



2.47 



2.35 

 2.24 

 2.14 

 2.04 

 1-95 



Figure 2 gives the results from Halley's table, based upon the mor- 

 tality experience in the City of Breslau, in Silesia, during the years 

 1687 to 1691. This gives us a picture of the forces of mortality towards 



