PYGATHRIX 89 
though apparently believed by Blyth and quoted by Jerdon, I agree with 
Hutton in regarding as fictitious, though, as the latter observer justly 
remarks, females with very young offspring may keep together and 
temporarily apart from the remainder of the troup to which they 
belong. 
“Away from villages, the high trees on the banks of streams or 
tanks, and, in parts of Central India, rocky hills are the favorite 
haunts of these monkeys. They are never found at a great distance 
from water. Whether on trees, on rocks, or on the ground they are 
exceedingly active. ‘They leap with surprising agility from branch to 
branch, and when pressed take most astonishing jumps. I have seen 
them cross from tree to tree, a space 20 to 30 feet wide, with perhaps 
40 or 50 feet in descent. They can run on all fours with considerable 
rapidity, taking long strides or rather bounds’ (Jerdon). They leap 
from rock to rock as readily as from tree to tree. But great as their 
apparent speed is, McMaster found that on horseback he easily ran 
down a large male in a very short distance; indeed it is their power 
of bounding and the remarkable appearance they present whilst leap- 
ing, with their long tails turned over their backs, that convey the idea 
of speed, rather than the actual rapidity of their motions. 
“Their voice is loud and often heard, especially in the morning 
and evening. The two commonest sounds emitted by them are a loud, 
joyous rather musical call, a kind of whoop, generally uttered when 
they are bounding from tree to tree, and a harsh guttural note, denoting 
alarm or anger. The latter is the cry familiar to the tiger hunter, 
amongst whose best friends is the Hanuman. Safely ensconced in a 
lofty tree, or jumping from one tree to another as the tiger moves, the 
monkey by gesture and cry points out the position of his deadly 
enemy in the bushes or grass beneath, and swears at him heartily. 
It is marvellous to observe how these monkeys, even in the wildest 
forests, where human beings are rarely seen, appear to recognize the 
men as their friends, at least as allies against the tiger. It is a common 
but erroneous notion of sportsmen that this guttural cry is the sure 
indication of a tiger or leopard having been seen, whereas the monkey 
quite as often utters it merely as an expression of surprise. I have 
heard it caused by the sight of deer running away, and I believe it 
is frequently due to the monkeys catching sight of men. In confine- 
ment the Hanuman is, as Jerdon says, quite sedate and indolent. Older 
animals are not infrequently morose and savage. None of this group 
are so docile or so amusing as the Macaci, and even in the wild state, 
the Hanuman appears quieter, less possessed by an insatiable curiosity, 
