182 PONGO. 
Satyrus Less., no earlier-than 1840. Linnzeus is not the Author of any 
paper in the Amcenitatis Academice and a Satyrus Linn., as a genus 
does not exist any more than does Lesson of 1799. Ponco Lacépéde 
therefore antedates all others. Of all the members of the Pongiide, 
the Ourang occupies the lowest position and is the farthest removed 
from man. The skull, in the adult male, with its narrow, lengthened 
braincase of limited capacity, frequently possessed of a high, long, 
compressed crest, the protuberant jaws and great canines, the arms, 
immoderately lengthened, with the fingers reaching to the ankles when 
the animal is erect, fitting it essentially for an arboreal life, and 
causing it to become nearly helpless for terrestrial progression, and 
the short and comparatively feeble legs, all proclaim it the lowest of 
the great Apes. The number of pairs of ribs is twelve, thus differing 
from the Gorilla, and resembling the Chimpanzee and Man. The 
ligamentum teres which binds the head of the femur into its socket 
is not present, thus giving a much more free movement to the limb 
in climbing ; but acts disadvantageously when the creature attempts the 
erect posture. The cranial capacity of the Ourang’s skull is less 
than either of the other Apes, and compares as follows: Gorilla male, 
34.5 cubic inches; Chimpanzee male, 27.6 cubic inches; Ourang male, 
26 cubié inches; and considering the relative size of the different 
crania, the skull of the Chimpanzee has proportionately the iargest 
brain; and Owen states, that the ‘‘Hottentots and Pappuans. of 
Australia have the smallest cranial capacity amongst the Human races ; 
but that the largest capacity yet observed in the adult male Gorilla is 
less than one half the mean capacity of those AZthiopian races.” 
The Ourang has no uvula, but has large expansions of the lateral 
cavities of the larynx, and these extend from the throat as far as the 
axille, and in some old males these swellings or extensions of skin 
beneath the chin, cause the animal to appear as if suffering from a 
severe case of goitre. I shall have occasion to refer to the great dis- 
similarity existing among the crania of the Ourang, and so many and 
equally important differences exist in other portions of its structure, 
that Owen has summed up his great review of the osteology of this Ape 
in the following significant language: ‘““When we review the varieties 
already recorded, in the large Orang (Pithecus satyrus) of Borneo and 
Sumatra, especially in regard to the presence or absence of the nail 
and its phalanx in the halux, the occasional supernumerary molar 
tooth, the length of arm, the intermuscular ridges and crests of the 
skull; the shape of the orbits; the size and other conditions of the 
nasal bones; the fore-and-aft extent of the molar series, and the profile 
