206 GORILLA 
GENUS II. GORILLA. GORILLAS. 
2—2 1—1 2—2 3—3 
AS cos as bP aes. BIS = 32. 
GORILLA I. Geoff., Compt. Rend., XXXIV, 1852, p. 84. Type Trog- 
lodytes gorilla Wyman. 
Size large; body stout, heavy; legs short; arms long, head large, 
nose broad, flat, grooved longitudinally ; muzzle broad, mouth iarge; 
upper lip short, lower protrudable; eyes large, ears naked, pointed, 
with pendulous lobula on lower margin. Braincase small; supra- 
orbital ridges greatly developed. Great toe opposable, large, flat; 
lower joints of second, third and fourth toes united by a web. Arms 
reach to middle of legs below knees when the animal stands upright; 
hands wrinkled, thickly haired on back; the thumb short and thick 
with a broad nail. Canines very large; upper molars with four cusps, 
the posterior molar the largest; anterior lower molar with five cusps, 
three outer, two inner. Brain narrow, ovate, small end forward; 
cerebrum not extending beyond cerebellum; a keel present upon the 
orbital surface of the frontal lobes. 
The genus Gorilla contains the largest species of the Great Apes, 
which, of all mammals, in some particulars approach nearest to man. 
The three genera which include all the known species, Ponco, GORILLA 
and Pan have received different serial arrangements, according to the 
Opinions of various writers, as to the greatest affinity which any par- 
ticular genus might exhibit, to man. Professor Owen who has written 
several memoirs on these Apes considers that the Gorilla is nearest 
to man, and does not think the difference between it and the Chim- 
panzee is sufficient to place them even in separate genera. Professor 
Owen bases his opinion of the Gorilla being closer to man than any 
other ape upon the following characters: 
“Ist. The coalesced central margins of the nasals are projected 
forward, thus offering a feature of approximation to the human sub- 
ject, which is very faintly indicated, if at all in the T. niger (Chim- 
panzee). 
“2nd. The inferior or alveolar part of the premaxillaries, on the 
other hand, is shorter and less prominent in the T. gorilla than in the 
T. niger; and in that respect the larger species deviates less from man. 
