PAN 229 
is prognathous, and the presence or absence of a part in the hair on 
the head, or the existence of baldness, and its extent behind the ears. 
No doubt some of these are valid specific characters, and it is equally 
certain that there are several species of Chimpanzees, but it may also 
be regarded as a fact, that some of the characters above cited as 
specific are not valid, and that, with the material at present available 
no one can decide how many of the specimens described have an 
undoubted specific standing. That problem will be solved by our 
successors ; at present we are groping in the dark so far as the number 
of existing species of the great Anthropoids are concerned. 
Chimpanzees are purely African, that continent alone containing 
the known species. They are the most intelligent of all Apes, and can 
be taught without very great difficulty many things that men alone 
might be supposed able to learn. When young they are gentle and 
often exhibit much affection for those who have charge of them, but 
as they grow older, the males especially, often become savage and 
dangerous to approach. Their strength is extraordinary and a full 
grown Chimpanzee is more than a match for any man. 
The brain of the Chimpanzee corresponds in all its physical de- 
tails very closely to that of man. The fissures and convolutions are 
identical, even Broca’s convolution, which is the seat of articulate 
speech, is also present. Why then if these Apes are provided with a 
brain so like that possessed by Man, do they not talk and accomplish 
many of those things which Man, the greatest of all Primates is able 
to achieve? The only explanation that seems reasonable is, that that 
indescribable, mysterious and powerful Influence which is called the 
Ego or Will, is lacking in the Ape, and the possession of which raises 
Man alone above all created beings and makes him the responsible 
creature that he is. 
LITERATURE OF THE SPECIES. 
1758. Linneus, Systema Nature. 
In this work Linnzus names a black tailless Ape, founded upon 
Tulp’s figure and description, Simia satyrus, the Chimpanzee 
with a black face and pelage, and’ bald forehead, the animal 
generally known as Troglodytes tschego Auct. 
1788 Gmelin, Systema Nature. 
SIMIA SATyRUS Linn., renamed Simia troglodytes. 
1796. Schreber, Die Saugthiere. 
In this work on plate I B Tyson’s Pigmy is figured as Simia 
