236 PAN 
mbouve (Troglodytes calvus) has a much narrower range than the 
Chimpanzee, and even than the Gorilla. I found it only in the table- 
lands of the interior and in the densest forests. I have reason to 
believe that it is found indifferently in the haunts of the Gorilla, in 
the farther interior, and do not know that the two species quarrel. 
It differs from the Gorilla in being smaller, milder, far more docile, 
less strong, and in the singular habit of building for itself a nest or 
shelter of leaves amid the higher branches of trees. I have watched, 
at different times, this Ape retiring to its rest at night, and have seen 
it climb up to its house and seat itself comfortably on the projecting 
branch, with its head in the dome of the roof, and its arm about 
the tree. * * * The distinctive marks of the T. catvus, those 
which prove it to be a distinct species, may be stated as follows: its 
head is bald and shining black; its temper is not fierce like gorilla’s; 
its young is white, while the young gorilla is black, and the young 
Chimpanzee yellow. Its head is nearly round, and bullet formed, the 
nose is very flat; the ears larger than in the Gorilla, but smaller than 
in the Kooloo-Kamba and Chimpanzee; the eyes sunken, the teeth 
and canines small when compared with the Gorilla. The arms reach 
a little below the knee. The hands are long and slender; the foot 
shorter than the hand. The toes are free. The callosities on the back 
of the fingers show that this animal goes commonly on all fours, and 
rests its weight on the doubled up hands. The hair is of one uniform 
rusty black color. The male is larger than the female.” 
Although for some time and by various authors this species was 
regarded as not entitled to be considered different from the common 
Chimpanzee, S. SATYRUS, it is now recognized as a very distinct species. 
Besides the almost entirely bald head, the other features stated above 
under ‘General Characters,” maintain its claim to a distinct rank. 
Besides the exterior characters, others have been found by the 
Anatomist which strengthen its claim as a distinct species, and while 
some may be due to individual variation, others have a more important 
significance. Thus the Simian fissure (parieto-occipital fissure) of 
the brain is connected with the median furrow by an irregular front 
fissure on one side only; and the posterior limb of the Sylvian fissure 
is much more upright than in the common Chimpanzee. The frontal 
lobes are not keeled below in the middle ventral line and the lateral 
masses of the cerebellum come together behind, overlapping and largely 
concealing the median tract. 
*Other differences exist not only in the brain but also in the 
*Beddard l.c. 
