PAN 239 
then extended in a similar manner from three to four and from four 
to five straws. Here, for reasons presently stated, I allowed her 
education to terminate. But more recently one of the keepers has 
endeavored to advance her instruction as far as ten. The result, — 
however, is what might have been anticipated. Although she very 
rarely makes any mistake in handing out one, two, three, four, or five 
straws, according to the number asked for, and although she is usually 
accurate in handing out as many as six or seven, when the numbers 
eight, nine or ten are named, the result becomes more and more 
uncertain, so as to be suggestive of guess work. It is evident, how- 
ever, that she understands the words seven, eight, nine and ten to 
betoken numbers higher than those below them; and if she is asked for 
any of these numbers (i. e. above six), she always gives some number 
that is above six and not more than ten; but there is no such con- 
stant accuracy displayed in handing out the exact number named as is 
the case below six. On the whole, then, while there is no doubt that 
this animal can accurately compute any number of straws up to five, the 
accuracy of her computation becomes progressively diminished. 
“It is to be noticed that the Ape exhibits some idea of multiplica- 
tion; for she very frequently (especially when dealing with numbers 
above five) doubles over a long straw so as to make it present two 
ends, and thus to appear as two straws. Any of the comparatively 
rare errors which she now makes in dealing with numbers below six 
are almost invariably due to her thus endeavoring to duplicate her 
straws. In this connection it is to be remembered that, owing to the 
method above described (whereby the Ape is required to place each 
straw separately in her mouth until the sum asked for is completed), 
when any high number is demanded a considerable tax is imposed upon 
her patience; and as her movements are deliberate while her store of 
patience is small, it is evident to all observers that the doubling of the 
straws is intended to save trouble by getting the sum completed with 
greater rapidity than is possible when every straw is picked up sepa- 
rately. Of course we do not recognize these doubled straws as equiva- 
lent to two straws, and therefore the persistency with which ske 
endeavors to palm them off as such is the more noteworthy as evidence 
of her idea of multiplication. Moreover, I am disposed to think that 
the uncertainty which attends her dealing with the numbers six and 
seven is more largely due to her losing patience than to her losing 
count ; although after seven I believe that her computation of the num- 
bers themselves. becomes vague, or merged in a general idea of many. 
It may also be stated that while picking up straws and placing them 
