﻿THE 
  LAND 
  OF 
  THE 
  BASQUES 
  

  

  67 
  

  

  Photograph 
  by 
  Casa 
  L,ux 
  

   A 
  PANORAMA 
  OP 
  BILBAO 
  PROM 
  MONTE 
  CABRAS 
  

  

  Looking 
  down 
  from 
  highly 
  cultivated 
  fields 
  to 
  the 
  Nervion 
  River, 
  with 
  its 
  iron 
  foundries 
  

   and 
  shipbuilding 
  yards. 
  The 
  Basques 
  are 
  not 
  only 
  progressive 
  manufacturers, 
  but 
  also 
  

   industrious 
  and 
  efficient 
  agriculturists. 
  

  

  white 
  cap 
  of 
  Don 
  Carlos, 
  took 
  part 
  in 
  the 
  

   "lost 
  cause," 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  conclusion 
  of 
  the 
  

   second 
  Carlist 
  War, 
  in 
  1876, 
  Alfonso 
  XII, 
  

   triumphant 
  with 
  victory, 
  immediately 
  at- 
  

   tended 
  to 
  the 
  matter 
  of 
  the 
  fucros 
  of 
  the 
  

   Basques, 
  abrogating 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  

   peremptory 
  manner. 
  Thus 
  the 
  much-hated 
  

   salt 
  monopoly 
  of 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Government 
  

   was 
  introduced 
  into 
  the 
  three 
  provinces 
  

   along 
  with 
  the 
  more-hated 
  tobacco 
  mon- 
  

   opoly 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  most-hated 
  "quinta," 
  

   or 
  military 
  conscription. 
  

  

  The 
  provincial 
  governments 
  still 
  retain, 
  

   however, 
  a 
  semblance 
  of 
  their 
  ancient 
  in- 
  

   dependence. 
  At 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Guernica, 
  

   a 
  charming 
  little 
  place 
  some 
  nine 
  miles 
  

   from 
  Bilbao, 
  there 
  is 
  still 
  pointed 
  out, 
  

   with 
  great 
  pride, 
  the 
  spot 
  where 
  stood 
  the 
  

   "Guernikako 
  Arbola," 
  the 
  tree 
  of 
  Guer- 
  

   nica, 
  in 
  a 
  little 
  plaza 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  Casa 
  

   de 
  Juntas. 
  It 
  was 
  under 
  this 
  oak 
  tree 
  

   that 
  the 
  Basque 
  deputies 
  met 
  every 
  two 
  

   years 
  before 
  the 
  abolition 
  of 
  their 
  fucros. 
  

  

  There 
  also 
  remains 
  a 
  small 
  remnant 
  of 
  

   the 
  old 
  military 
  forces 
  of 
  the 
  provinces 
  — 
  

   soldiers 
  in 
  blue 
  blouses, 
  red 
  trousers, 
  and 
  

   soft 
  red 
  caps 
  — 
  who 
  are 
  now 
  employed 
  as 
  

  

  customs 
  and 
  coast 
  guards 
  and 
  in 
  assisting 
  

   the 
  Guardia 
  Civil 
  as 
  rural 
  police. 
  They 
  

   are 
  called 
  mill 
  ones. 
  

  

  BILBAO, 
  THE 
  PITTSBURGH 
  OP 
  SPAIN 
  

  

  Picture 
  a 
  small, 
  round 
  valley 
  nestling 
  

   among 
  wondrous 
  green 
  hills, 
  some 
  of 
  

   which 
  are 
  almost 
  worthy 
  of 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  

   mountains, 
  with 
  a 
  river 
  carefully 
  making 
  

   a 
  letter 
  S 
  or 
  two 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  enter 
  this 
  

   beautiful 
  stronghold. 
  That 
  is 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  

   Bilbao, 
  with 
  its 
  hundred 
  thousand 
  souls, 
  

   the 
  largest 
  Basque 
  city 
  and 
  the 
  second 
  

   seaport 
  of 
  Spain. 
  

  

  The 
  river 
  is 
  the 
  Nervion, 
  which 
  has 
  

   been 
  canalized 
  from 
  the 
  city 
  to 
  the 
  Bav 
  of 
  

   Biscay, 
  eight 
  miles 
  distant, 
  so 
  that 
  sea- 
  

   going 
  merchant 
  vessels 
  come 
  to 
  town, 
  

   passing 
  the 
  Ayuntamiento, 
  the 
  beautiful 
  

   municipal 
  building, 
  on 
  their 
  way, 
  and 
  

   dropping 
  anchor 
  within 
  a 
  stone's 
  throw 
  

   of 
  the 
  Teatro 
  Arriga, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  finest 
  

   theaters 
  in 
  Spain. 
  

  

  The 
  hills 
  encircle 
  the 
  city 
  so 
  closely 
  that 
  

   the 
  ribbons 
  of 
  railways 
  seeking 
  entry 
  from 
  

   north, 
  east, 
  south, 
  and 
  west 
  attain 
  their 
  

   end 
  only 
  by 
  plunging 
  into 
  smoky 
  tunnels. 
  

  

  